20.500.12556/DKUM-95307 Urinary catheters state of the art and future perspectives – a narrative review Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is the most frequent healthcare associated infection, arising from microbial adhesion to catheter surfaces, biofilm development, and the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance. Many publications have addressed CAUTI epidemiology, biofilm biology, or biomaterials for catheters in isolation, yet there is little literature that connects these areas into a coherent translational perspective. This review seeks to fill that gap by combining an overview of biofilm pathophysiology with recent advances in material based innovations for catheter design, including nanostructured and responsive coatings, sensor enabled systems, additive manufacturing, and three dimensional printing. Established approaches such as hydrophilic or antimicrobial impregnated catheters are considered alongside bio inspired surface textures, zwitterionic polymers, and multifunctional hydrogels. Each strategy is evaluated in terms of maturity, clinical applicability, and barriers to translation, with a focus on shifting from antibiotic dependent treatment toward prevention of biofilm formation. By bringing together knowledge from microbiology, engineering, and clinical urology, the review outlines pathways for developing the next generation of catheters that improve outcomes and reduce infection rates. urinary catheters urinary tract infection antibiotic resistance nanotechnology biomedical engineering urinski katetri infekcija urinarnega trakta odpornost proti antibiotikom nanotehnologija biomedicinski inženiring true false true Elsevier Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/materials-today-bio © 2025 The Authors Znanstveno delo 2025-09-12 03:32:42 2025-09-15 09:11:45 2025-09-23 07:57:15 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 Str. 1-18 št. članka 102225 Letn. 34 Oct. 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 2025-06-16 2025-08-19 2025-08-20 616.6 248538627 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102225 2590-0064 RAZ_Skok_Kristijan_2025.pdf RAZ_Skok_Kristijan_2025.pdf 1 83421000E6A77E65F3A75331F2E5058F 4b68b09c200adfbcf910036ca1ea0fbd5e387680f00e7fb7b0a9b5a1dee6d2d3 ea862420-9202-11f0-9bf2-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=198409 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102225 0 2480377c-9203-11f0-9bf2-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=198410 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590006425007951?via%3Dihub#kwrds0010 1 6143b571-8f78-11f0-949c-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=198285 Medicinska fakulteta Fakulteta za strojništvo 0 0 0