20.500.12556/DKUM-95412 Kognitivne funkcije, kognitivna rezerva in reševanje vsakodnevnih problemov v pozni odraslosti magistrsko delo Cognitive Functions, Cognitive Reserve and Everyday Problem Solving in Late Adulthood V pozni odraslosti se posamezniki pogosto soočajo s spremembami v kognitivnem delovanju, ki lahko omejijo njihovo sposobnost samostojnega reševanja vsakodnevnih nalog. Čeprav številne raziskave potrjujejo postopno zmanjševanje kognitivnih sposobnosti, ostaja odprto vprašanje, katere izmed njih imajo največjo vlogo pri ohranjanju vsakodnevne kompetentnosti in kakšen pomen imajo pri tem kazalniki kognitivne rezerve. Namen raziskave je bil zato preučiti povezanost kognitivnih funkcij, izobrazbe, hobijev in starosti z uspešnostjo pri reševanju vsakodnevnih problemov v pozni odraslosti. V raziskavi so sodelovali 104 starejši odrasli, vključeni v društva upokojencev in medgeneracijske centre. Rezultati so pokazali, da imata izobrazba in čas, namenjen hobijem, pomembno povezavo z uspešnostjo pri reševanju vsakodnevnih problemov. Med kognitivnimi sposobnostmi so se kot ključne izkazale izvršilne funkcije, ki skupaj z izobrazbo najbolje napovedujejo uspešnost, medtem ko so verbalne, vidno-prostorske sposobnosti, spomin in pozornost imele, glede na rezultate, predvsem posredno vlogo. Hobiji so se pokazali kot dejavnik, ki lahko prispeva k boljšim rezultatom, čeprav učinek ni bil povsem stabilen. Kronološka starost ni bila povezana z uspešnostjo, kar nakazuje, da je za vsakodnevno kompetentnost pomembnejše, katere sposobnosti in življenjske izkušnje posameznik ohranja in razvija. Ugotovitve poudarjajo osrednjo vlogo izvršilnih funkcij in izobrazbe pri ohranjanju kognitivne kompetentnosti ter pomen kognitivne rezerve in življenjskega sloga za podporo samostojnosti v starosti. In late adulthood, individuals often face changes in cognitive functioning that may limit their ability to independently solve everyday tasks. Although numerous studies confirm a gradual decline in cognitive abilities, the question remains as to which of these abilities play the most important role in maintaining everyday competence and what significance indicators of cognitive reserve have in this process. The aim of this study was therefore to examine how cognitive functions, education, hobbies, and age relate to success in everyday problem-solving in late adulthood. The study included 104 older adults who were members of pensioners’ associations and intergenerational centres. The results showed that education and the time devoted to hobbies were significantly associated with success in everyday problem-solving. Among cognitive abilities, executive functions proved to be crucial, as they, together with education, best predicted success, while verbal, visuospatial skills, memory, and attention played primarily an indirect role according to the results. Hobbies appeared as a factor that could contribute to better outcomes, although the effect was not entirely stable. Chronological age was not related to success, suggesting that everyday competence depends more on which abilities and life experiences an individual maintains and develops. The findings highlight the central role of executive functions and education in maintaining cognitive competence, as well as the importance of cognitive reserve and lifestyle in supporting independence in later life. kognitivne funkcije kognitivna rezerva reševanje vsakodnevnih problemov funkcionalne sposobnosti kognitivna kompetentnost cognitive functions cognitive reserve everyday problem solving functional abilities cognitive competence true true false A. Črešnar Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2025-09-17 09:08:26 2025-10-09 09:15:06 2025-10-10 03:19:24 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 Maribor 0 Maribor 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (VII, 70 str.)) 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 159.95-053.9(043.2) 252413955 MAG_Cresnar_Anemari_2025.pdf MAG_Cresnar_Anemari_2025.pdf 1 2A3262C5EA661E97BD7F558DC9D2F7A3 f2e8f0c3acbd256fc82da64f939cb2c45dff9d3086dcfb43ff498060717f010f 18dcf208-9491-11f0-9f40-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=198785 Filozofska fakulteta 0 0 0