20.500.12556/DKUM-95548 From waste to hydrogen: utilizing waste as feedstock or catalysts for hydrogen generation With the world facing the twin pressures of a warming climate and an ever-increasing amount of waste, it is becoming increasingly clear that we need to rethink the way we generate energy and use materials. Despite growing awareness, our energy systems are still largely dependent on fossil fuels and characterized by a linear ‘take-make-dispose’ model. This leaves us vulnerable to supply disruptions, rising greenhouse gas emissions, and the depletion of critical raw materials. Hydrogen is emerging as a potential carbon-free energy vector that can overcome both challenges if it is produced sustainably from renewable sources. This study reviews hydrogen production from a circular economy perspective, considering industrial, agricultural, and municipal solid waste as a resource rather than a burden. The focus is on the reuse of waste as a catalyst or catalyst support for hydrogen production. Firstly, the role of hydrogen as a new energy carrier is explored along with possible routes of waste valorization in the process of hydrogen production. This is followed by an analysis of where and how catalysts from waste can be utilized within various hydrogen production processes, namely those based on using fossil fuels as a source, biomass as a source, and electrocatalytic applications. hydrogen production waste-derived catalysts renewable energy biomass conversion odpadki ponovna raba enrgije biomasa true false true MDPI Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik https://www.mdpi.com/journal/cleantechnol © 2025 by the authors Članek v reviji 2025-09-25 08:38:44 2025-09-25 08:38:44 2025-09-26 03:13:50 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 33 str. no. 3, [article no.] 76 Vol. 7 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 2025-07-18 2025-08-25 2025-09-01 620.92/.98 249324035 10.3390/cleantechnol7030076 2571-8797 cleantechnol-07-00076_(1).pdf cleantechnol-07-00076_(1).pdf 1 BD9D3D80E1F9167C9BFBDD6617E8E10D 1992cc7bb7623b1c7ad190a2001ed5c841b849e00842c5ccf643545288fc3108 7e1b1497-99da-11f0-a1be-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=199167 Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo 0 0 0