20.500.12556/DKUM-95576 Differences in eye movements of people with and without stuttering issues master's thesis Razlike v očesnih premikih pri ljudeh s težavami z jecljanjem in brez njih Stuttering is a complex speech disorder that extends beyond overt disfluencies in articulation, encompassing cognitive, linguistic, and neurological processes that influence both oral and silent reading. This thesis synthesizes empirical findings from eye-tracking, behavioral, and neuroimaging studies to examine five hypotheses concerning differences between individuals who stutter and fluent speakers. The results provide strong evidence that individuals who stutter exhibit distinct patterns of eye movement behavior, including increased saccadic movements, prolonged fixations, and more frequent regressions, even during silent reading tasks. These findings challenge the notion that stuttering is exclusively a motor-based disorder and suggest disruptions at higher levels of linguistic and cognitive processing. Further, individuals who stutter demonstrated lower articulation rates and reduced fluency compared to non-stuttering peers. When required to read at a pace similar to fluent readers, they showed a trade-off between speed and accuracy, indicating a negative correlation between articulation rate and reading accuracy under time pressure. Neuroimaging evidence confirmed atypical brain activation patterns in stuttering individuals, with reduced activity in left-hemisphere regions and compensatory right-hemisphere activation, highlighting structural and functional differences in neural organization. The findings carry important implications for both theoretical models of stuttering and clinical practice. They suggest that stuttering should be understood as a multifaceted disorder involving linguistic, cognitive, and neural mechanisms, and that interventions should address not only speech output but also broader processing differences. Nevertheless, the synthesis is limited by methodological heterogeneity across studies, small and demographically narrow samples, and a lack of longitudinal research. Future investigations should prioritize standardized methodologies, larger and more diverse populations, and multimodal approaches combining eye-tracking with neuroimaging. Such research could clarify causal mechanisms, explore compensatory strategies, and identify early diagnostic markers. By situating stuttering within an integrative framework, this thesis contributes to a deeper understanding of the disorder and its implications for education, therapy, and further scientific inquiry. Jecljanje je kompleksna motnja govora, ki presega neskladnosti v artikulaciji in vključuje kognitivne, jezikovne ter nevrološke procese, ki vplivajo na tihi in govorjeni način branja. Magistrska naloga povzema empirične ugotovitve iz študij s sledenjem očem in vedenjskih raziskav ter preučuje pet hipotez o razlikah med osebami, ki jecljajo, in tekočimi govorci. Rezultati kažejo, da osebe, ki jecljajo, izkazujejo značilne vzorce gibanja oči, vključno s povečanim številom sunkovitih in nenadnih očesnih gibov, daljšimi fiksacijami in pogostejšimi regresijami, tudi pri tihih bralnih nalogah. V pregledu obstoječih raziskav smo ugotovili, da ljudje, ki jecljajo, kažejo nižje stopnje artikulacije in zmanjšano tekočnost branja. Pri branju v pospešenem tempu se kaže kompromis med hitrostjo in natančnostjo, kar nakazuje negativno korelacijo med artikulacijo in natančnostjo branja. Nevrovizualizacijski podatki potrjujejo nenavadne vzorce možganske aktivacije, z zmanjšano aktivacijo v levi hemisferi in kompenzacijskim povečanim delovanjem desne hemisfere. Ugotovitve poudarjajo, da jecljanje ni zgolj motnja motorike, temveč kompleksna motnja, ki vključuje jezikovne, kognitivne in nevrološke mehanizme. Prihodnje raziskave bi morale vključevati standardizirane metode, večje in bolj raznolike vzorce populacije ter multi-modalne pristope, ki združujejo sledenje očem s tehnologijo magnetne resonance, da bi bolje razumeli vzroke in kompenzacijske strategije jecljanja. stuttering fixations regressions dyslexia saccadic eye movements silent reading overt reading jecljanje fiksacije regresije disleksija sunkoviti očesni premiki tiho branje glasno branje true true false A. Premzl Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2025-09-27 11:22:18 2025-11-28 10:42:58 2025-11-29 03:15:06 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 Maribor 0 Maribor 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (VIII, 81 str.)) 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 81'234(043.2) 259109891 MAG_Premzl_Alex_2025.pdf MAG_Premzl_Alex_2025.pdf 1 076ED5AE9D9E453E4730CEF9996FFA17 486d66dca07f3a6ef87364e418802d843fc0d9c4f68108eed5eabe2c9c9403c6 a9bda42b-9b85-11f0-84fa-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=199291 Filozofska fakulteta 0 0 0