20.500.12556/DKUM-96160 Review of magnetic nanomaterials for the electrochemical sensing of antibiotics Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasing worldwide. This is due to the widespread and often uncontrolled release of antibiotics into surface water, drinking water, and the food chain. The traces of antibiotics (ng/L to μg/L) bioaccumulate, disrupt ecosystems, and accelerate AMR, yet regulatory monitoring remains inadequate. Sensitive analytical methods for the detection and quantification of antibiotics at trace levels in complex matrices are therefore essential. Conventional techniques, i.e., liquid or gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and capillary electrophoresis, offer high accuracy but are associated with costly instrumentation, lengthy workflows, and extensive sample preparation. Electrochemical sensors based on advanced nanomaterials, particularly magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), have attracted considerable interest due to their advantages in sensitivity and selectivity, wide linear dynamic ranges, extremely low limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), low instrument cost, and rapid response. This review provides a critical overview of recent advances in MNP-based electrochemical platforms for antibiotic detection. The focus is on wet-chemical synthesis routes, modification approaches, and strategies for integrating magnetic nanocomposites into electrodes. Synergistic improvements through hybrid architectures are emphasized, combining MNPs with carbon nanomaterials, biopolymers, metal–organic frameworks, and molecularly imprinted polymers. Trends over the last five years have shown that applications in environmental monitoring, food safety, and drinking water are increasing. We summarize the key performance metrics, outline the current technical bottlenecks, such as long-term stability and large-scale manufacturing, and provide an outlook for the future. Taken together, these developments position MNP-based electrochemical sensors as versatile, highly effective tools for curbing antibiotic pollution and slowing the advancement of AMR. electrochemical sensor antibiotics̀ determination magnetic nanomaterials material chemistry nanocomposites antimicrobial resistance food safety environmental sensing elektrokemični senzorji določanje antibiotikov magnetni nanomateriali kemija materialov nanokompoziti protimikrobna odpornost protimikrobna odpornost varnost živil zaznavanje okolja true false true ACS Publications Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsanm.5c03689 Članek v reviji 2025-12-04 16:03:54 2025-12-04 16:03:54 2025-12-06 03:08:56 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 str. 21639-21668 iss. 45 Vol. 8 Oct. 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 2025-08-08 2025-10-20 2025-10-30 66:620.3 259409667 10.1021/acsanm.5c03689 2574-0970 review-of-magnetic-nanomaterials-for-the-electrochemical-sensing-of-antibiotics.pdf review-of-magnetic-nanomaterials-for-the-electrochemical-sensing-of-antibiotics.pdf 1 1C6DBBAC9AF0CE5F6CDC504B15334134 8f16d0ee602d71326dea6ee24ac9c0d3e71c6132c0728c00bec65746a04822f0 f4e555e3-d122-11f0-b6ea-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=201145 https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsanm.5c03689 0 08233842-d123-11f0-b6ea-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=201146 Fakulteta za strojništvo 0 0 0