20.500.12556/DKUM-96333 Bacterial nanocellulose-based composite membranes for fuel cells applications Bacterial nanocellulose (BnC) has shown potential as a suitable biopolymer for the development of sustainable ion exchange membranes (IEMs) for fuel cell (FC) applications. However, native BnC exhibits limited ionic conductivity due to its low charge density, requiring functional modifications to meet the performance demands of FC technologies. Although several reviews have addressed biopolymer-based membranes in general, BnC is typically only briefly mentioned and is often grouped within the broader group of nanocellulose, without a systematic focus on its role as an ion-conducting matrix. In response, this review provides a detailed and critical overview of recent advances in the development, modification, and application of BnC-based proton exchange membranes (PEMs) and anion exchange membranes (AEMs). The review highlights natural (e.g. lignin, fucoidan) and synthetic (e.g. Nafion®, PSSA, AMPS, PMACC, polymeric ionic liquids) additives used to enhance the ionic conductivity, selectivity, and durability of membranes. Key topics discussed include membrane structure, ion transport mechanisms, electrochemical performance in membrane electrode assemblies (MEA), and comparisons with commercial synthetic IEMs. This review examines the effect of BnC-based membrane composition on properties relevant to FC applications, while emphasising that BnC is an environmentally friendly and economically viable alternative to synthetic IEMs for next-generation FC systems. bacterial nanocellulose ion exchange membrane proton exchange membrane anion exchange membrane fuel cells bakterijska nanoceluloza ionsko izmenjevalne membrane gorivne celice s protonsko izmenjevalno membrano anionsko izmenjalne membrane gorivne celice true false true Elsevier Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378775325028824?via%3Dihub Članek v reviji 2025-12-19 10:13:23 2025-12-19 10:13:24 2025-12-20 03:19:24 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 20 str. Vol. 665, [article no.] 239045 Feb. 2026 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 2025-06-17 2025-12-03 2025-12-08 677.46:620.3 262172163 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.239045 1873-2755 1-s2.0-S0378775325028824-main.pdf 1-s2.0-S0378775325028824-main.pdf 1 8960B206FC13F01CCF018157888824F8 febd4ef6d759ca287a936e328907d85935751426d9526d68b59e3625610ebf2b 7bf091ad-dcbb-11f0-a44c-00155d580e02 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=201553 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378775325028824?via%3Dihub 0 84147a52-dcbb-11f0-a44c-00155d580e02 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=201554 Fakulteta za strojništvo 0 0 0