20.500.12556/DKUM-97015 Development and long–term operation of a three-dimensional displacement monitoring system for nuclear power plant piping Ensuring the structural integrity of high-energy piping systems is a critical requirement for the safe operation of nuclear power plants. This paper presents the design, implementation, and three-year operational validation of a three-dimensional displacement monitoring system installed on the steam generator blowdown pipeline of the Krško Nuclear Power Plant. The system was developed to verify that the plant’s operating procedures will not induce excessive dynamic displacements during operation. The measurement system conf iguration utilizes three non-collinear inductive displacement transducers from Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik (HBM WA/500 mm-L), mounted via miniature universal joints to a reference plate and to a defined observation point on the pipeline. This arrangement enables the real-time monitoring of X, Y, and Z displacements within a spherical measurement volume of approximately 0.5 m. Data are continuously acquired via an HBM QuantumX MX840Bamplifier and processed using CATMAN Easy-AP software through a f iber-optic communication link between the containment and control areas. The system has operated continuously for more than three years under elevated temperature and radiation conditions, confirming its reliability and robustness. The correlation of the measured displacements with process parameters such as the flow rate, pressure, and temperature provides valuable insight into transient events and contributes to predictive maintenance strategies. The presented methodology demonstrates a practical and radiation-tolerant approach for the continuous structural monitoring of nuclear plant piping systems. nuclear power plant piping systems displacement monitoring inductive transducers data acquisition radiation environment structural integrity experimental diagnostics jedrska elektrarna cevovodni sistemi spremljanje premikov induktivni pretvorniki pridobivanje podatkov sevalno okolje strukturna celovitost eksperimentalna diagnostika true false true MDPI Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/26/3/895 Članek v reviji 2026-02-11 14:54:26 2026-02-11 14:54:27 2026-02-12 03:14:21 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 26 str. iss. 3, [article no.] 895 Vol. 26 Jan. 2026 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 2025-11-22 2026-01-20 2026-01-29 692:628.1'1 267760387 10.3390/s26030895 1424-8220 sensors-26-00895.pdf sensors-26-00895.pdf 1 CA0478A2C35758F53B43A1D00B7CCDC5 87c461818fdc5508bd64446cdb2df27f3555426c90770eeb30108eb4021520ce 6dbca5bf-0751-11f1-b759-00155d00019a https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=203226 https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/26/3/895 0 74c2b754-0751-11f1-b759-00155d00019a https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=203227 Fakulteta za gradbeništvo, prometno inženirstvo in arhitekturo 0 0 0