20.500.12556/DKUM-97331 Understanding honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony losses: a multifactorial perspective Razumevanje izgub družin medonosne čebele (Apis mellifera): večfaktorska perspektiva Bees play an essential role as pollinators of crops and wild plants thereby contributing to biodiversity. Beekeeping is an important economic and agricultural activity. However, beekeepers are faced with numerous external factors, including climate change, intensive agricultural production, the extensive use of pesticides and the high incidence of honey bee diseases. In researches’ work to date, numerous potential factors have been identified that contribute to colony population decline, reduced colony health, and colony losses. This review summarizes the most important factors affecting honey bee colonies and their health. The main causes of colony loss include pests and pathogens, environmental and beekeeping stressors, apiculture practices and pesticide residues. Reducing honey bee colony losses requires an integrated approach that recognises the multifactorial nature of the problem. Coordinated strategies should consider both direct biological threats, such as parasites and pathogens, and indirect influences, such as environmental changes, pesticide exposure and forage quality. Apis mellifera pesticides pathogens climatic change beekeeping management Apis mellifera pesticidi patogeni klimatske spremembe čebelarsko upravljanje true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Znanstveno delo 2026-02-28 03:16:05 2026-03-05 13:38:22 2026-03-06 03:11:32 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 str. 33-46 No. 1-2 Vol. 22 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2025-01-01 638.1 262865923 10.18690/agricsci.221-2.4 2820-610X https://journals.um.si/index.php/agricultura/article/view/5706 1 709858eb-144b-11f1-be62-00155d580e1a https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=204049 Fakulteta za kmetijstvo in biosistemske vede Agricultura scientia 0 0 0