20.500.12556/DKUM-97340 Vključevanje nestrukturiranega lesenega materiala v prosto igro otrok diplomsko delo Incorporating unstructured wooden material into children's free play Diplomsko delo obravnava prosto igro predšolskih otrok z nestrukturiranim lesenim materialom v zunanjem prostoru, na igrišču vrtca. Teoretični del izhaja iz zahtev za varno in raznovrstno vrtčevsko igrišče ter utemeljuje prosto igro kot notranje motivirano dejavnost, v kateri se prepletajo funkcijska, konstrukcijska, simbolna igra in igra s pravili; odprti/nestrukturirani materiali v naravnem okolju spodbujajo čutno raziskovanje, ustvarjalnost, sodelovanje in učenje po načelu poskus–napaka. V empirični raziskavi smo s pomočjo opazovalnih list kvalitativno opazovali 13 otrok, starih 1–5 let, v lesenem peskovniku 4 × 4 m v 10 terminih (november–april) ter analizirali zapiske, fotografije in video. Ugotovili smo, da je prevladovala skupinska igra (66,1 %); mlajši so bili pretežno samostojni, starejši pa so se več dogovarjali, delili vloge in gradili kompleksnejše strukture. Lesene elemente (deske, palice, kolute, kocke) so uporabljali za gradnjo in simbolne scenarije (npr. hiša, »torta«) ter pogosto raziskovali ravnotežje in nosilnost (820 primerov). Ob neuspehu so v 79,1 % poskusili drugače, konflikte pa so v 65,1 % rešili konstruktivno; opazne so bile tudi nekatere razlike med spoloma pri organizaciji igre. Raziskava prinaša v vrtčevsko prakso utemeljen in zgleden prinaša primer, kako z lesenimi nestrukturiranimi materiali obogatiti zunanji prostor in podpreti socialno ter naravoslovno učenje. This bachelor's thesis examines preschool children's free play with unstructured wooden materials in an outdoor setting, specifically on a kindergarten playground. The theoretical part is based on the requirements for a safe and diverse kindergarten playground and conceptualises free play as an intrinsically motivated activity in which functional play, constructive play, symbolic play, and games with rules intertwine. Open-ended/unstructured materials in a natural environment encourage sensory exploration, creativity, cooperation, and learning through trial and error. In the empirical part of the study, we qualitatively observed 13 children aged 1 to 5 years using observation sheets in a 4 × 4 m wooden sandbox across 10 sessions conducted between November and April, and analysed field notes, photographs, and video recordings. The findings showed that group play predominated (66.1%); younger children engaged mainly in solitary play, whereas older children more frequently negotiated, shared roles, and constructed more elaborate structures. Wooden elements (planks, sticks, discs, and blocks) were used for construction and symbolic scenarios (e.g., a house, a "cake"), and children frequently explored balance and load-bearing capacity (820 recorded instances). When faced with failure, children attempted an alternative solution in 79.1% of cases, while conflicts were resolved constructively in 65.1% of cases. Some gender-related differences were also observed in the organisation of play. The study contributes to kindergarten practice by providing a well-founded and exemplary model of how unstructured wooden materials can enrich outdoor space and support both social and science-related learning. nestrukturiran leseni material prosta igra sodelovanje med otroki raziskovanje naravnih zakonitosti uporaba lesenega materiala motivacija unstructured wooden material free play cooperation between children exploration of natural laws use of wooden material motivation true true false L. Šmid Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2026-03-01 21:28:28 2026-05-05 13:52:02 2026-05-06 03:07:06 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 Maribor 0 Maribor 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (XI, 102 str.)) 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 373.2.091.3:5(043.2) 277089795 VS_Smid_Lidija_2026.pdf VS_Smid_Lidija_2026.pdf 1 1AA5A2CC0ADFB17E91890F4C8E4F80A3 74f93eb6d44cc059123b88d28e6aa5d7dd2c07f174c46405e4e45d7a67f423bc 389bf688-263c-11f1-8208-00155d0001a1 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=204704 Pedagoška fakulteta 0 0 0