20.500.12556/DKUM-98151 Razvoj lažnih spominov pri otrocih kot pričah v sodnem postopku diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa Varstvoslovje The development of false memories in children as whitnesses in court proceedings Diplomsko delo obravnava problematiko nastajanja lažnih spominov pri predšolskih otrocih, ki v sodnih postopkih nastopajo kot žrtve ali priče spolnih zlorab. Glavni cilj raziskave je bil identificirati ključne dejavnike, ki privedejo do spominske kontaminacije, ter analizirati vpliv preiskovalnih metod na verodostojnost otroških izpovedb. Skozi analizo literature in podroben pregled treh prelomnih ameriških primerov – McMartin, Kelly Michaels in Fells Acres – je ugotovljeno, da so lažni spomini prvotno produkt sugestivnih in ponavljajočih se zaslišanj, uporabe neustreznih pripomočkov ter močnega socialnega pritiska okolja. Otroci zaradi kognitivne ranljivosti in želje po ugajanju avtoriteti napačne informacije pogosto ponotranjijo kot lastne spomine. Čeprav so kognitivne zmožnosti in strah pomembni dejavniki, se je za ključni vir razvoja lažnih spominov izkazala pristranskost preiskovalcev, ki nezavedno iščejo potrditve svojih pričakovanj. Ugotovitve dela izpostavljajo nujnost uporabe sodobnih forenzičnih standardov, kot je protokol Nacionalnega inštituta za zdravje otrok in razvoja človeka (angl. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development) ter pomen institucionalne zaščite v okviru modela Hiše za otroke (Barnahus). Ti pristopi z uporabo nevtralnih, odprtih vprašanj in dokumentiranjem enovitega zaslišanja minimizirajo tveganje za sistemske napake. Ugotovitve kažejo, da sta za zagotavljanje pravičnosti ključnega pomena dosledna forenzična nevtralnost in kontinuirano usposabljanje strokovnjakov o delovanju otroškega spomina. The thesis deals with the problem of false memories in preschool children who appear as victims or witnesses of sexual abuse in court proceedings. The main objective of the research was to identify the key factors that lead to memory contamination and to analyze the impact of investigative methods on the credibility of children's statements. Through theoretical analysis and a detailed review of three landmark American cases—McMartin, Kelly Michaels, and Fells Acres—it was found that false memories are primarily the product of suggestive and repetitive questioning, the use of inappropriate aids, and strong social pressure from the environment. The study confirms that, due to their cognitive vulnerability and desire to please authority figures, children often internalize false information as their own memories. Although cognitive abilities and fear are important factors, the methodological bias of investigators has been shown to be the key source of false memory development. The findings of the study highlight the need to use modern forensic standards, such as the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development protocol, and the importance of institutional protection within the Barnahus model. These approaches, using neutral, open-ended questions and documenting a single interview, minimize the risk of systemic errors. The findings show that consistent forensic neutrality and continuous training of professionals on how children's memories work are key to ensuring fairness. sodni postopki priče pričevanje otrok forenzični intervju lažni spomini sugestija diplomske naloge False memories child testimony suggestion forensic interview sexual abuse Children's House (Barnahus) true true false C. Bernat Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2026-05-20 16:58:04 2026-08-26 08:39:00 2026-08-27 03:07:43 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 Ljubljana 2026 Ljubljana VIII f., 57 str. 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 159.9:340.6(043.2) 288901123 UN_Bernat_Chiara_2026.pdf UN_Bernat_Chiara_2026.pdf 1 C763E71A6139DE4745C32F9870539990 8117bc7b32e7190a9f7913530777e9fdf8d76b4f54610848f7457b3df8871c97 a2f97dad-85c4-11f1-a66a-00155d580e34 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=208513 Fakulteta za varnostne vede 0 0 0