20.500.12556/DKUM-99795 Simulacija PhET kot podpora povezovanju makroskopske in submikroskopske ravni pri razumevanju faznih sprememb magistrsko delo The PhET simulation as support for connecting the macroscopic and submicroscopic levels in understanding phase changes Razumevanje faznih sprememb vode zahteva povezovanje makroskopsko zaznavnih pojavov z dogajanjem na submikroskopski ravni, kar lahko podprejo računalniške simulacije. Namen magistrskega dela je bil preučiti začetno razumevanje faznih sprememb vode pri učencih, njihovo povezovanje makroskopske in submikroskopske ravni med vodeno uporabo simulacije, preučiti razumevanje po dejavnosti ter njihovo presojo uporabnosti in omejitev simulacije. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 75 učencev osmih razredov dveh slovenskih osnovnih šol. Uporabljen je bil kombiniran kvantitativni in kvalitativni pristop. Raziskava je obsegala predtest, vodeno dejavnost s simulacijo PhET States of Matter: Basics in z učnim listom ter potest. Podatki so bili analizirani z opisno statistiko, McNemarjevim testom in vsebinsko analizo odprtih odgovorov. Na predtestu so učenci uspešneje prepoznavali fazne spremembe v vsakdanjih situacijah, več težav pa so imeli pri razumevanju nevidne vodne pare in procesov v zaprtem sistemu. Med vodeno uporabo simulacije so učenci v odgovorih vključevali značilnosti dogajanja na ravni delcev, vendar so se kazale težave pri povezovanju submikroskopske ravni z makroskopsko. Pri dveh od treh parov vsebinsko primerljivih nalog predtesta in potesta je bila ugotovljena statistično značilna sprememba v doseganju strogo pravilnega rezultata, vendar ugotovljenih sprememb zaradi odsotnosti kontrolne skupine ni mogoče neposredno pripisati uporabi simulacije. Učenci so zaznano uporabnost simulacije najpogosteje povezovali z dogajanjem na ravni delcev ter agregatnimi stanji in s faznimi spremembami. Kot konkretne omejitve so izpostavljali predvsem poenostavljen prikaz delcev ter odsotnost nekaterih značilnosti resničnega sistema in zunanjega okolja. Ugotovitve poudarjajo pomen vodene in ustrezno podprte uporabe simulacij pri povezovanju različnih ravni predstavitve. Understanding phase changes of water requires connecting macroscopically observable phenomena with processes occurring at the submicroscopic level, which can be supported by computer simulations. The aim of this master’s thesis was to investigate students’ initial understanding of phase changes of water, examine how they connected the macroscopic and submicroscopic levels during the guided use of the simulation, examine their understanding after the activity, and explore their perceptions of the simulation’s usefulness and limitations. The study involved 75 eighth-grade students from two Slovenian primary schools. A mixed quantitative and qualitative approach was used. The study consisted of a pre-test, a guided activity using the PhET simulation States of Matter: Basics and a worksheet, followed by a post-test. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, McNemar’s test, and content analysis of open-ended responses. On the pre-test, students were more successful at identifying phase changes in everyday situations, while they experienced greater difficulties in understanding invisible water vapour and processes in closed systems. During the guided use of the simulation, students included characteristics of processes at the particle level in their responses, but difficulties were evident in connecting the submicroscopic level with the macroscopic level. For two of the three pairs of content-comparable pre-test and post-test items, a statistically significant change in achieving a strictly correct result was found; however, due to the absence of a control group, the observed changes cannot be directly attributed to the use of the simulation. Students most frequently associated the perceived usefulness of the simulation with processes at the particle level, as well as with states of matter and phase changes. As specific limitations, they mainly highlighted the simplified representation of particles and the absence of certain characteristics of the real system and external environment. The findings highlight the importance of guided and appropriately supported use of simulations in connecting different levels of representation. računalniške simulacije simulacija PhET fazne spremembe vode alternativne predstave učencev computer simulations PhET simulation phase changes of water students' alternative conceptions true true false [T. Šebalj] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2026-08-26 15:01:20 2026-09-03 09:59:14 2026-09-04 03:08:41 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 Maribor 0 Maribor XIV, 111 str. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 542:004(043.2) 289856003 EMAG_Sebalj_Tadeja_2026.pdf EMAG_Sebalj_Tadeja_2026.pdf 1 5FABFDFAAB5E8FC20BE179E8F33F0CB8 1c5758cb57ec37455c61a5d3bba656c2250fb35eea7b1be951e8773f837b8256 747e369b-a1fa-11f1-95cc-00155d0001be https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=210693 Fakulteta za naravoslovje in matematiko 0 0 0