20.500.12556/DKUM-99801 Lev Nikolajevič Tolstoj kot pedagog magistrsko delo Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy as a pedagogue Lev Nikolajevič Tolstoj je v svetovnem prostoru uveljavljen kot literarni velikan, hkrati pa predstavlja enega najradikalnejših pedagoških mislecev 19. stoletja. Čeprav je bolj znan po svojih literarnih delih, je pomembno vplival tudi na področje izobraževanja, kjer je prepoznal nujnost temeljite prenove. To ga je vodilo k ustanovitvi šole v Jasni Poljani. Na podlagi lastnih izkušenj s prisilo v formalnem šolstvu ter z obiskom številnih evropskih izobraževalnih ustanov je oblikoval načelo svobode v izobraževanju, utemeljeno na prepričanju o dobri, radovedni in ustvarjalni naravi otroka. Za ohranjanje in spodbujanje teh naravnih danosti je vzpostavil okolje, v katerem je svoboda postala osrednje merilo uspešnosti izobraževanja. Šolo je razumel kot pedagoški laboratorij. Pouk je potekal neformalno, brez obvezne prisotnosti, brez togih urnikov in brez ocenjevanja. Ob tem je jasno razmejil pojma vzgoje in izobraževanja. V takratni vzgoji je prepoznal prvine nasilja, medtem ko je izobraževanje opredelil kot svoboden odnos med učiteljem in učencem. Učinkovitost njegovih metod je bila potrjena v preizkusu moskovskega izobraževalnega odbora, kjer so učenci, poučevani po njegovem pristopu, kljub nepopolnemu soglasju komisije dosegli boljše rezultate od vrstnikov, izobraževanih v tradicionalnem sistemu. Razumevanje Tolstojevega življenja in njegovega pedagoškega prispevka je zato ključno za razumevanje razvoja sodobnih alternativnih pedagoških pristopov, ki se še danes opirajo na temeljno vprašanje svobode v izobraževanju. Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy is internationally recognized as a literary giant, while at the same time representing one of the most radical educational thinkers of the nineteenth century. Despite his central position in the literary world, he recognized the need for a fundamental reform of education, which led him to establish a school at Yasnaya Polyana. Drawing on his own experiences of coercion within formal schooling, as well as the insights he gained from visiting numerous educational institutions across Europe, he developed the principle of freedom in education, grounded in the belief that children are naturally good, curious, and creative. In order to preserve and encourage these innate qualities, he created an environment in which freedom became a key measure of educational success. He understood the school as a pedagogical laboratory. Teaching was conducted informally, without compulsory attendance, rigid timetables, or grading. He also clearly distinguished between the concepts of upbringing and education. Upbringing, in his view, contains elements of violence, whereas he defined education as a free relationship between teacher and pupil. The effectiveness of his methods was confirmed in an evaluation conducted by the Moscow Educational Committee, in which pupils taught according to his approach achieved better results than their peers educated within the traditional system, despite the commission not reaching complete agreement in its evaluation. Understanding Tolstoy's life and his pedagogical contribution is therefore essential for understanding the development of modern alternative educational approaches, which continue to draw on the fundamental question of freedom in education. Lev Nikolajevič Tolstoj Jasna Poljana svoboda izkustvo kazen Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy Yasnaya Polyana freedom experience punishment true true false A. Biianova Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Rusija; Magistrsko delo/naloga 2026-08-26 18:06:05 2026-09-16 12:38:45 2026-09-17 03:10:56 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 Maribor 0 Maribor 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF ([50] str.)) 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 37.091.4Tolstoj L. N.(034.2) 291290627 MAG_Biianova_Alina_2026.pdf MAG_Biianova_Alina_2026.pdf 1 9E079FE7C807D5D55CF13EBC2F720934 3a58266a268ca2f6e9cb5e058cad00b463623deda9c0e23069be971d95ac9a61 03ca4f4e-a16b-11f1-a6e9-00155d0001be https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=210620 Filozofska fakulteta 0 0 0