Politični profil Slovenskega gospodarja (1906-1914)

Goričnik, Jana

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Naslov:	Politični profil Slovenskega gospodarja (1906-1914)
Avtorji:	ID Goričnik, Jana (Avtor) ID ROZMAN, FRANC (Mentor) Več o mentorju...
Datoteke:	UNI_Goricnik_Jana_2010.pdf (546,10 KB) MD5: 3674FD4A6C927E06C1613608761D87A8 PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/fed1af02-7e35-4803-a2e8-30ce35860fad
Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Vrsta gradiva:	Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	FF - Filozofska fakulteta
Opis:	V prvih letih 20. stoletja je na Spodnjem Štajerskem prišlo do velikih političnih sprememb. Sloga je vse bolj postajala anahronizem, saj so na dnevni red prihajale teme, ki so presegale okvire narodno jezikovnih problemov, na katerih je temeljila njena politika. Ob koncu leta 1906 in v začetku 1907 sta bili ustanovljeni dve novi stranki, ki sta poleg socialdemokracije in štajercijanstva močno posegli v politično in vsakdanje življenje Slovencev na Spodnjem Štajerskem. V Celju je bila ustanovljena liberalna Narodna stranka, v Mariboru pa je katoliški tabor ustanovil Slovensko kmečko zvezo. Januarja 1907 je bila sprejeta volilna reforma, s katero je Avstrija dobila poslansko zbornico, sestavljeno na podlagi splošne in enake, tajne in direktne volilne pravice. Državnozborske volitve 1907 so potekale že po novem volilnem sistemu. Pred temi volitvami so bile dvojne kandidature izjema, z volitvami 1907 pa je to postalo pravilo, saj so si v vseh volilnih okrajih nasproti stali kandidati Kmečke zveze in kandidati Narodne stranke. Kako se je ravnovesje moči prevešalo v korist Kmečke zveze, se je jasno pokazalo na deželnozborskih volitvah 1909, ko je Narodna stranka od trinajstih mandatov, ki so v deželnem zboru pripadali Slovencem, dobila le enega. Na državnozborskih volitvah 1911 pa je Kmečka zveza popolnoma prevladala, saj je dobila vse mandate na Spodnjem Štajerskem. Po teh volitvah se je začelo obdobje dominacije Kmečke zveze, katere podpornik je bil časnik Slovenski gospodar. S političnimi nasprotniki le-te je obračunaval predvsem na področju vere in cerkve. Liberalcem, socialdemokratom in štajercijancem je nadel isto oznako, in sicer nasprotniki vere oziroma duhovnikov ter posledično nasprotniki slovenskega naroda. Kljub temu je časnik odigral pomembno vlogo v življenju kmeta, zlasti ker ga je opominjal na pomembnost narodne zavesti in slovenskega jezika. V tem časovnem razdobju sta izpostavljena tudi dva odmevna dogodka. Kot prvo je dogajanje na Ptuju v septembru 1908, ko je tam organizirala svoj letni občni zbor Družba Sv. Cirila in Metoda. Zaradi nerešenih nacionalnih vprašanj je prišlo do verbalnega in fizičnega obračunavanja med Nemci in Slovenci. Posledično so se demonstracije razširile na vse slovenske dežele. Po prenehanju le teh je nacionalno vprašanje še naprej ostajalo nerešeno, s tem da se je sovraštvo med obema taboroma še poglobilo. Oktobra 1908 je sledila aneksijska kriza, ki jo je sprožila priključitev Bosne in Hercegovine Avstro-Ogrski. Ta se je po zmagi mladoturške revolucije odločila, da spremeni svojo balkansko politiko. Pred tem si je prizadevala za ohranitev Otomanskega imperija, sedaj pa je tvegala in sklenila kupčijo z Rusijo, ki pa je po razglasitvi aneksije stopila na stran Srbije. Zaradi groženj Srbije da bo napadla monarhijo in vpletenosti drugih evropskih držav, je aneksijska kriza pripeljala Evropo na rob vojne. In prav zato je Nemčija Rusiji postavila ultimat, po katerem je Rusija priznala aneksijo in so ji nato sledile še druge države. Evropa pa se je še za nekaj let izognila vojni.
Ključne besede:	Slovenski gospodar, volitve, Ptuj, aneksijska kriza
Kraj izida:	Maribor
Založnik:	[J. Goričnik]
Leto izida:	2010
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-13250
UDK:	93/94(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	17612040
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:OFHFKF3C
Datum objave v DKUM:	21.05.2010
Število ogledov:	3174
Število prenosov:	269
Metapodatki:
Področja:	FF
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Sekundarni jezik

Jezik:	Angleški jezik
Naslov:	Political profile of Slovenski gospodar (1906-1914)
Opis:	In the early 20th century some major political changes occurred in the Lower Styria. Unity was becoming more and more an anachronism due to the emerging topics on the agenda, which exceeded the frames of national linguistic problems on which its policy was based. At the end of 1906 and at the beginning of 1907 two new parties were founded: the National Party and the Farmers Alliance, which next to the Social Democratic Party and štajercijanstvo had a great influence on the political and the daily life of Slovenes in the Lower Styria. The National Party was founded in Celje and the Farmers Alliance was founded in Maribor by the Slovenian Catholic Camp. In January of 1907 an electoral reform was adopted with which Austria gained Houses of Parliament constituted on the basis of universal, equal, secret and direct suffrage. In 1907 parliamentary elections were held by the new electoral system. Before these elections double candidature was an exception, but now it became a rule. In every electoral district a candidate of the Farmers Alliance and a candidate of the National Party were confronting each other. How the balance of power preponderated in favor of the Farmers Alliance was clearly demonstrated with the elections of 1909, when the National Party was given only one of the thirteen credentials, which belonged to the Slovenes in the Houses of Parliament. Furthermore, on the parliamentary elections in 1911 the Farmers Alliance fully prevailed as it got all the credentials in Lower Styria. After these elections a period of the Farmers Alliance domination has begun. Its supporter and promoter was the newspaper Slovenski gospodar, which was also my main source of information. Slovenski gospodar wrote about political opponents of the Farmers Alliance primarily in the sphere of religion and church. It labeled Liberals, Social Democrats and Štajerianci as the enemies of religion and clergy and therefore the enemies of the Slovenian nation. However, the newspaper played an important role in the lives of farmers, especially because it reminded them of the importance of national consciousness and the Slovenian language. Two important events of that period are also exposed in the diploma. One of them are the developments of September 1908 in Ptuj, where the Society of St. Cyril and Methodius (Družba sv. Cirila in Metoda) organized the annual plenary assembly. Due to unsolved national issues it came to verbal and physical charging between the Germans and the Slovenes. Consequently, demonstrations spread across all Slovenian lands. After the unrests the national issue remained unsolved and furthermore the hatred between the Germans and the Slovenes went even deeper. In October of that same year the annexation crisis followed and it was initiated by the Bosnia and Herzegovina’s incorporation into the Austro-Hungarian Empire. After revolutions in Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary adopted a new Balkan policy. Before the revolutions’ victory she strived to preserve the Ottoman Empire, but now she took a risk and made a deal with Russia. Russia obligated herself to accept annexation, but only if Austria-Hungary supported her with its aspirations. After the declaration of annexation Russia supported Serbia, which endeavored to incorporate Bosnia and Herzegovina to her territory. Serbia’s threat to attack monarchy and the involvement of other European countries, the annexation crisis drove Europe to the edge of war. That is why Germany gave Russia an ultimatum, after which Russia acknowledged the annexation and was followed by other countries as well. Europe managed to avoid war for another few years.
Ključne besede:	Slovenski gospodar, elections, Ptuj, annexation crisis

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