ORIS VLOGE IN POLOŽAJA ŽENSKE STAREGA EGIPTA

Vehovar, Karmen

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Naslov:	ORIS VLOGE IN POLOŽAJA ŽENSKE STAREGA EGIPTA
Avtorji:	ID Vehovar, Karmen (Avtor) ID Goriup, Jana (Mentor) Več o mentorju... ID Marolt, Janez (Mentor) Več o mentorju...
Datoteke:	UNI_Vehovar_Karmen_2010.pdf (29,81 MB) MD5: A71D12A8AB075E6BE2B869762B00E06F PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/20b873f2-c0c9-4bdf-9430-0f4a7d2fec85
Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Vrsta gradiva:	Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	FF - Filozofska fakulteta
Opis:	Med študijami starega Egipta v 19. stoletju je bila bežna omemba ženske posledica stanja takratne družbe, vodene s strani moških. 20. stoletje se je postavilo po robu tovrstni marginalizaciji žensk in, z ustanovitvijo akademske discipline ženskih študij, vodilo v ponovno interpretacijo in ocenjevanje položaja le- teh. Poglavitna vprašanja, na katera poskušamo odgovarjati, se nanašajo na vlogo in položaj ženske v takratni družbi in družini ter na medsebojno dinamiko odnosov med spoloma. Analiza takratnega religioznega ozadja razkriva, da je ženska skupaj z moškim in potomcem tvorila popolno celoto (božansko trojico), ženske boginje pa so predstavljale vir ohranjanja neprekinjene kozmične regeneracije in bile obenem tudi zaščitnice različnih družbenih vrednot. V pravnem smislu so se lahko Egipčanke svobodno poročale, se ločevale, posvojile otroke, sklepale pogodbe in poiskale pravico celo na sodišču. Enakopravnost žensk pred zakonom se je nadalje raztezala tudi na ekonomsko področje, v okviru katerega so lahko opravljale svoj poklic, posedovale lastnino, z njo upravljale ter bile poslovno sposobne. In kar je najpomembnejše, vse te pravice so imele tako poročene kot tudi neporočene ženske. Za oba spola kot tudi za vse socialne razrede starega Egipta pa je bila poroka, kot temeljna preddispozicija družine, izjemno cenjena in zaželjena. Ker ni mogoče najti nikakršne omembe civilnih ali religioznih ceremonij sklepamo, da je bilo edino pomembno dejanje pravzaprav osnovanje skupnega gospodinjstva mladoporočencev in konsumacija poroke. Poglavitni delež aktivnega delovanja žensk je moč zaznati v zasebni sferi, kjer so kot žene in gospodarice hiš težile k svojemu največjemu poslanstvu: materinstvu. Ženska je z vlogo matere izpolnila najvišja osebna kot tudi religiozna in družbena pričakovanja. Dejstvo, da so otroci dedovali po materi in da je bila identiteta skoraj vedno potrjena na osnovi materinega imena, zgolj potrjuje, da je bila staroegipčanska mati izjemno cenjena in spoštovana. Nekatere posameznice so posegle tudi v javno sfero in delovale kot aktivne sopotnice egipčanske zgodovine, faraonka Hačepsut pa je postala celo nosilka najvišje politične oblasti. Žensko je častila in zapisala v večnost tudi bogata staroegipčanska umetnost, kar potrjujejo najdbe številnih spomenikov, kipov, grobnic in prizorov kraljevih, pa tudi navadnih Egipčank. Egipt je bil resda dar Nila, a obenem je bil tudi mnogo več. Bil je plod vzajemnega sodelovanja s katerim sta moški in ženska, drug zraven drugega, s skupnimi močmi krojila usodo ene najstarejših civilizacij. Bil je plod družbe, ki je ženski priznavala njene pravice, jo obravnavala kot polnopravno članico ter jo izjemno spoštovala.
Ključne besede:	stari Egipt, položaj ženske, Egipčanke, družina, religija, seksualnost, vloga ženske.
Kraj izida:	Maribor
Založnik:	[K. Vehovar]
Leto izida:	2010
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-14043
UDK:	316.346.2(32)(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	17800456
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:01JLNJJN
Datum objave v DKUM:	30.07.2010
Število ogledov:	5877
Število prenosov:	746
Metapodatki:
Področja:	FF
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Sekundarni jezik

Jezik:	Angleški jezik
Naslov:	THE OUTLINE OF ROVE AND STATUS OF WOMAN IN OLD EGYPT
Opis:	Among the studies of ancient Egypt in the 19th century a fleeting mention of a woman was due to the situation of the then society, led by men. The 20th century has defied such marginalization of women and led through the establishment of the academic discipline of women's studies to a re-interpretation and evaluation of their status. The main questions, which we are trying to answer, are concerning the role and status of women in the then society and family and the dynamics of mutual relations between the sexes. The analysis of the then religious background reveals that the woman along with a man and a descendant formed a complete entirety (the divine triad), and the goddesses presented the source of maintaining continuity of cosmic regeneration and were also patrons of different social values. In legal terms, the Egyptian women were free to merry, divorce, adopt children, conclude contracts and even find the right in court. The women's equality under the law was stretched further into the economic field, where they could pursue their profession, own properties, manage them and were business active. And the most important, all these rights were given to married and unmarried women. For both sexes, as well as for all social classes of ancient Egypt, marriage as a fundamental predisposition of the family was extremely valued and appreciated. Since it is impossible to find any mentionings of civil or religious ceremonies, we conclude that the only important action was actually the establishment of a common household of newlyweds and the consummation of the wedding. The major proportion of the work activities of women can be detected in the private sphere, where in their roles of being wives and mistresses of the house tended to their greatest mission: motherhood. The woman in her role as mother has fulfilled the highest personal as well as religious and social expectations. The fact that children inherited from their mother and that the identity was almost always confirmed on the basis of the mother’s name only confirms that the ancient Egyptian mother was extremely appreciated and respected. Some individuals also intervened in the public sphere and worked as active partners of the Egyptian history, the pharaoh Hatshepsut even became a holder of the highest political authorities. Women were also worshiped and written forever in history by the rich ancient Egyptian art, which is confirmed by findings of many monuments, statues, tombs and scenes of the king as well as ordinary Egyptian women. Egypt was truly a gift of the Nile, yet it was also much more. It was a product of interaction between a man and a woman, functioning mutually, together forming the destiny of one of the oldest civilizations. It was a product of a society, which recognized women's rights, treated her as a full member and highly respected her.
Ključne besede:	ancient Egypt, status of a woman, Egyptian women, family, religion, sexuality, the role of a woman.

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