Raba habitatov gnezdečih parov črne štorklje (Ciconia nigra) ob reki Muri

Robič, Sarah

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Naslov:	Raba habitatov gnezdečih parov črne štorklje (Ciconia nigra) ob reki Muri
Avtorji:	ID Robič, Sarah (Avtor) ID Denac, Damijan (Mentor) Več o mentorju...
Datoteke:	MAG_Robic_Sarah_2015.pdf (5,86 MB) MD5: 0A2A9AB21DBC8FD8BA68008A3D55C092
Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Vrsta gradiva:	Magistrsko delo/naloga
Tipologija:	2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija:	FNM - Fakulteta za naravoslovje in matematiko
Opis:	V letih 2013 in 2014 smo na območju reke Mure v Sloveniji raziskovali rabo habitatov črne štorklje, ki je kvalifikacijska vrsta območja Natura 2000 SI5000010 Mura. Raziskavo smo izvedli z opazovanjem črnih štorkelj pri prehranjevanju, kjer smo si pomagali z avtomatskimi kamerami, in z namestitvijo sledilne naprave odraslemu osebku. Zbrali smo 90 opazovanj črne štorklje – 43 je bilo opazovanj s strani ornitologov, 47 opazovanj so zabeležile avtomatske kamere. Med temi opazovanji smo na 10 lokacijah črno štorkljo opazovali pri prehranjevanju. Najpogosteje se je prehranjevala v gozdnem potoku (30 %) in na poplavnem travniku (30 %), sledila je reka (10 %), gramoznica (10 %), mlaka (10 %) in mrtvica (10 %). Globina vode na 10 lokacijah prehranjevališč je bila največkrat do 30 cm (50 %), sledila je globina, nižja od 30 cm (38 %) in štorklji do pasu (12 %). 5.6.2014 smo ujeli odraslo črno štorkljo in ji namestili GPS/GSM sledilno napravo. Poimenovali smo jo Franček. Franček je gnezdil v Slovenskih goricah in speljal 4 mladiče. V obdobju gnezdenja smo zbrali 1880 lokacij Frančka, sledilna naprava je zajemala lokacije Frančka s frekvenco 2-37 na dan. Frančkove lokacije niso bile porazdeljene naključno, temveč so izkazovale izrazit nenaključen vzorec pojavljanja. Povprečna površina dnevnega domačega okoliša je bila 3389 ha. Skupni domači okoliš, izrisan z lokacijami iz Slovenije, je bil velik 754,69 km2. Največja gostota domačih okolišev je bila ob reki Muri med naselji Bunčani, Hrastje Mota in Radenci ter severno od Mure vzdolž teh vasi. Dalje je bila največja gostota domačih okolišev med Staro Novo vasjo in Iljaševci ter pri Moti. Oddaljenost od gnezda do prehranjevališč smo preučevali v različnih starostnih obdobjih mladičev. Največje povprečje razdalje so bile v tretjem starostnem obdobju od 14.7. do 13.8. (9861 km) in najnižje v prvem starostnem obdobju od 6.6. – 21.6. 2014 (3751 km). Med zbranimi lokacijami s sledilno napravo smo prepoznali 301 verjeten prehranjevalni habitat. Najpogostejši tip verjetnega prehranjevalnega habitata so bile mrtvice (43 %), reke in rečni rokavi (20 %) in potoki (17 %). Večina (85 %) verjetnih prehranjevalnih habitatov, ki so bila vodna telesa, je bila globokih manj kot 30 cm, prevladovala je zasenčenost 20-60 %. Ekološka niša črne štorklje je bila zelo ozka. Kot najpomembnejša faktorja, ki marginalizirata njeno ekološko nišo ob Muri, sta twi (tophographic wet index) in tip habitata. Na osnovi zbranih rezultatov zaključujemo, da črna štorklja med gnezdenjem pretežno rabi in izbira cel spekter zelo različnih mrtvic in rečnih rokavov. Glede na razsežnost domačega okoliša črne štorklje med gnezdenjem in kompleksnost njenega preferenčnega prehranjevalnega habitata dalje zaključujemo, da le-tega omogoča ohranjena naravna rečna dinamika na velikih površinah.
Ključne besede:	Črna štorklja, Cicionia nigra, reka Mura, raba habitatov, domači okoliš, verjetni prehranjevalni habitat, ekološka niša, naravovarstvene smernice
Kraj izida:	Maribor
Založnik:	[S. Robič]
Leto izida:	2015
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-54926
UDK:	598.244.22:591.522(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	21619464
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:QHHZ8KWW
Datum objave v DKUM:	07.10.2015
Število ogledov:	3879
Število prenosov:	199
Metapodatki:
Področja:	FNM
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Sekundarni jezik

Jezik:	Angleški jezik
Naslov:	Habitat use of breeding black stork (Ciconia nigra) pairs along Mura river
Opis:	Between the years 2013 and 2014 we investigated the use of black stork habitats in the area of river Mura, Slovenia. The black stork is a qualified species in the Natura 2000 SI5000010 Mura. The research was carried out by observing black storks while feeding, where we used automatic cameras and installation of a tracking device to an adult subject. We collected 90 observations of the black stork – 43 were done by ornithologists, 47 observations were recorded by automatic cameras. Among these observations we found the black stork was feeding in ten locations. Most often it was feeding in a forest stream (30 %) and a flooded meadow (30 %); followed by a river (10 %), gravel pit (10 %), pond (10 %) and bog (10 %). The depth of the water in ten feeding locations was for the most time up to 30 cm (50 %), followed by a depth lower than 30 cm (38 %) and lastly, a depth which was up to the storks waist (12 %). On June 6 2014 we captured an adult black stork, which we named Franček, and attached a GPS/GSM tracking device to it. Franček nested in Slovenske gorice and raised four offspring. During nesting season we collected 1.880 locations of Franček, the tracking device included locations with the frequencies from 2 to 37 per day. The locations of Franček were not distributed randomly but they formed a distinct pattern of occurrence which was not coincidental. The average daily local home range was 3389 ha. The total home range, which was plotted with locations in Slovenia, was 754, 69 km2 large. The maximum density of the home range was by the river Mura among the Bunčani, Hrastje, Mota and Radenci settlements, and north of Mura along these villages. The next highest density was between Stara Nova vas and Iljaševci and also near Mota. The distance from the nest and the feeding areas was studied at various ages of the offspring. The highest average distances were observed in the third age period from July 14 to August 13 (9,861 km) and lowest in the first age period from June 6 to June 21 in 2014 (3,751 km). Between the accumulated locations by the tracking device we recognized 301 feeding habitats. The most frequent types of feeding habitats were bogs (43 %), rivers and distributaries (20 %) and creeks (17 %). The most (85 %) probable feeding habitats, which were water based, were less than 30 cm deep and had a 20% to 60% shading. The ecological niche of the black stork was very narrow. The most important factors, which marginalize its ecological niche by the river Mura, are TWI (topographic wet index) and the habitat type. Based on collected results we concluded that the black stork will use and choose a wide specter of various bogs and distributaries while nesting. Given the width of the black stork’s home range while nesting and the complexity of its preferable feeding habitat, we came to the conclusion that this habitat is enabled by the preserved natural river dynamics on big surfaces.
Ključne besede:	Black Stork, Ciconia nigra, Mura River, habitat use, home range, probable foraging habitat, ecological niche, conservation guidelines

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