Priprava in testiranje odstranjevalca premazov na osnovi nadomestnih topil za metilen klorid in N-metil-2-pirolidon (NMP)

Golob, Marija

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Naslov:	Priprava in testiranje odstranjevalca premazov na osnovi nadomestnih topil za metilen klorid in N-metil-2-pirolidon (NMP)
Avtorji:	ID Golob, Marija (Avtor) ID Škerget, Mojca (Mentor) Več o mentorju... ID Razboršek, Tina (Komentor)
Datoteke:	VS_Golob_Marija_2016.pdf (2,93 MB) MD5: BB7F434C73288B3E91F5597B532D6AF3
Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Vrsta gradiva:	Diplomsko delo
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	FKKT - Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
Opis:	Pri delu v industriji premaznih izdelkov se srečujemo s problemom, kako odstraniti stari ali še neutrjeni premaz s površine. Različne tipe površinskih premazov, ki se uporabljajo za zaščito površine, ki je izpostavljena vremenskim ali drugim agresivnim pogojem, je potrebno redno obnavljati. Poškodovani ali iztrošeni površinski premazi se v nekaterih primerih obnavljajo samo s čiščenjem prvotne površine, pri drugih vrstah premazov pa je potrebno premaz v celoti odstraniti in šele nato nanesti nov sloj premaza. Odstranitev premaza z različnih površin je možna na več načinov: mehansko, termično in kemično. Mehanska in termična obdelava sta bolj primerni za trše podlage, kot so kovine in beton. Za mehkejše površine, les in plastiko, pa se bolj uporablja kemična odstranitev, ki je manj zahtevna in cenovno ugodnejša za neprofesionalnega uporabnika. Organska topila, ki so se uporabljala v tem postopku, so bila nevarna za zdravje uporabnika in za okolje. Največkrat uporabljeno in tudi najbolj učinkovito topilo za odstranjevanje premazov je bil metilen klorid. Njegova dobra lastnost je ta, da je negorljiv, vendar toksičen in rakotvoren, zato je bila uporaba metilen klorida v odstranjevalcih premazov v EU prepovedana z uredbo REACH leta 2012. Ostala organska topila, kot so aceton, toluen in metanol so lahko hlapna in hitro vnetljiva topila. Spadajo v skupino HOS topil (hlapne organske snovi), ki jih je potrebno omejiti pri uporabi. Zelo dobra zamenjava za metilen klorid se je pokazal N-metil-2-pirolidon (NMP), ki je manj toksičen kot metilen klorid in prav tako manj hlapen kot ostala klasična organska topila. Zadnje študije so pokazale, da je NMP prav tako nevaren za zdravje, tako da ga čaka podobna usoda kot metilen klorid. Vsa ta dejstva so pripomogla k razvoju alternativnih, zdravju in okolju bolj prijaznih topil, ki se (bodo) uporabljajo(la) v novih odstranjevalcih premazov. Namen diplomske naloge je pripraviti odstranjevalce premazov na nadomestnih topilih za metilen klorid in N-metil-2-pirolidon. Testiranje njihove učinkovitosti in primerjava z odstranjevalci premazov, ki se trenutno uporabljajo. Testiranje učinkovitosti, kot najpomembnejše lastnosti, smo izvedli na premazih za kovino, ki se uporabljajo v avtomobilski industriji, na alkidnih in akrilnih premazih na lesu in na 2K in 1K vodnem parketnem laku. S pridobljenimi rezultati testiranja in novimi spoznanji, bomo v bodoče bolj uspešno svetovali našim strankam, kako odstraniti stari premaz in s tem povečali zadovoljstvo naših uporabnikov. Namen te naloge je tudi v tem, da se izboljša vidik varnosti pri delu z odstranjevalci premazov, z uporabo manj nevarnih snovi.
Ključne besede:	odstranjevalec premazov, EU zakonodaja, metilen klorid, N-metil-2-pirolidon, nadomestna topila, lesena površina
Kraj izida:	Maribor
Založnik:	[M. Golob]
Leto izida:	2016
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-62161
UDK:	669.691.061.18(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	20376086
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:SFFZBVS6
Datum objave v DKUM:	16.03.2017
Število ogledov:	2354
Število prenosov:	77
Metapodatki:
Področja:	KTFMB - FKKT
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Skupna ocena:	(0 glasov)
Vaša ocena:	Ocenjevanje je dovoljeno samo prijavljenim uporabnikom.
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Sekundarni jezik

Jezik:	Angleški jezik
Naslov:	Preparation and Testing of the Paint Stripper Based on Alternative Solvents to Methylene Chloride and N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP)
Opis:	When working in the industry of coating products there arises a problem of how to remove the old or even loose paint from the surface. Various types of surface coatings that are used to protect the surface exposed to the weather or other corrosive conditions need to be regularly updated. In some cases damaged or worn surface coatings are restored only by cleaning the original surface, with other types of coating, however, the coating needs to be removed completely and only then a new layer of coating can be applied. It is possible to remove the coating from different surfaces by using various methods: mechanical, thermal and chemical. The mechanical and thermal treatment are more suitable for harder substrate, such as metal and concrete. For softer surfaces, such as wood and plastic, the chemical removal is more typical. It is less demanding and more affordable for the do-it-yourself user. Organic solvents used in this process were hazardous to the user’s health and the environment. The solvent used most frequently and proven to be the most effective during the paint removal, was methylene chloride. Its advantage is non-combustion, however, it is toxic and carcinogenic. As a result, the use of methylene chloride in paint strippers in the EU was forbidden by the REACH regulation in 2012. The other organic solvents, such as acetone, toluene and methanol, are highly volatile and highly flammable solvents. They belong to a group of VOC solvents (volatile organic compounds) which have to be restricted in use. A highly suitable substitute for methylene chloride has turned out to be N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) which is less toxic than methylene chloride and also less volatile than other common organic solvents. The latest studies have shown that NMP is hazardous to health as well, so it is destined to meet a similar fate as methylene chloride. All the mentioned facts have contributed to the development of the alternative - healthier and environmentally friendly solvents that are (or are going to be) used in the new paint strippers. This thesis aims to show the way to prepare paint strippers on the alternative solvents to methylene chloride and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. This implies testing their efficiency and comparing them with other paint strippers currently in use. The testing of their efficiency as the most important feature was performed on metal coatings used in automotive industry, alkyd and acrylic coatings on wood as well as on 2K and 1K water-based parquet lacquer. The obtained test results and new findings lead to providing advice that is more helpful to customers as to the methods of removing old coatings, which could also improve customer satisfaction. The thesis also suggests that the aspect of occupational safety when using paint strippers should be examined in more detail, such as dealing with less hazardous substances.
Ključne besede:	Paint Strippers, EU legislation, Methylene Chloride, N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone, Alternative Solvents, Wood Substrates

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