| Naslov: | Visual attention and perceived workload of e-scooter riders across selected urban route conditions |
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| Avtorji: | ID Rizehbandi, Shirin (Avtor)
ID Fiolić, Mario (Avtor)
ID Babić, Darko (Avtor)
ID Cvahte Ojsteršek, Tina (Avtor)
ID Babić, Dario (Avtor) |
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| Datoteke: |  RAZ_Rizehbandi_Shirin_2026.pdf (2,39 MB)
MD5: D162B17E0B78C9DD15337C0AF37F8633
 https://doi.org/10.3390/su18178851
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| Jezik: | Angleški jezik |
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| Vrsta gradiva: | Članek v reviji |
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| Tipologija: | 1.01 - Izvirni znanstveni članek |
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| Organizacija: | FL - Fakulteta za logistiko
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| Opis: | Understanding how selected urban route conditions are associated with e-scooter riders’ visual attention and perceived workload can support human-factor evaluation of micromobility environments. This study examines visual attention and perceived workload during real-world e-scooter riding across three selected urban routes in Zagreb with different infrastructure and traffic-environment characteristics. A field-based experimental methodology was used, integrating eye-tracking with post-ride perceived workload assessment through the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) questionnaire. Twenty-eight adults, predominantly novice or occasional e-scooter riders, completed the three selected routes. Visual attention and perceived workload were examined across the selected routes; because only one route represented each route condition, the findings are interpreted as route-level evidence rather than general infrastructure-type effects. One-way repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) showed that route condition had a significant effect on mean fixation duration and on the weighted NASA-TLX workload score, indicating that riders’ visual attention and perceived workload varied across the examined routes. To further examine these route-related differences, linear mixed-effects models were used as supporting analyses with participant ID as a random intercept. The results showed that R2 was associated with lower weighted workload than R1, while R3 was associated with higher weighted workload than R1. The route-complexity index was retained as an exploratory route-level descriptor rather than a validated continuous predictor. These findings highlight the importance of considering combined route, infrastructure, and traffic-environment characteristics when planning safer micromobility environments and developing appropriate regulations for e-scooter use. They also provide preliminary route-level human-factor evidence that can support future micromobility route evaluation and the development of human-centred guidance for infrastructure planning and e-scooter regulation. |
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| Ključne besede: | e-scooter riding, eye-tracking, visual attention, perceived workload, sustainable micromobility |
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| Status publikacije: | Objavljeno |
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| Verzija publikacije: | Objavljena publikacija |
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| Poslano v recenzijo: | 14.07.2026 |
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| Datum sprejetja članka: | 26.08.2026 |
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| Datum objave: | 01.09.2026 |
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| Leto izida: | 2026 |
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| Št. strani: | str. 1-22 |
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| Številčenje: | Letn. 18, št. 17, št. članka 8851 |
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| PID: | 20.500.12556/DKUM-100064  |
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| UDK: | 656.1 |
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| COBISS.SI-ID: | 289955843 |
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| DOI: | 10.3390/su18178851 |
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| ISSN pri članku: | 2071-1050 |
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| Datum objave v DKUM: | 03.09.2026 |
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| Število ogledov: | 347 |
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| Število prenosov: | 1 |
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| Metapodatki: |    |
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| Področja: | Ostalo
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