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Title:Eksistenca - lastnost ali kvantifikator? : magistrsko delo
Authors:ID Arko, Matija (Author)
ID Šuster, Danilo (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf MAG_Arko_Matija_i2004.pdf (843,03 KB)
MD5: 1A87C3A84161429611786C4DE0010E8D
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/7b7fd664-348d-42d2-9fbc-3cde6a7c62ac
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Master's thesis
Organization:FF - Faculty of Arts
Abstract:: Magistrska naloga se ukvarja z vprašanjem, ali je eksistenca lastnost ali kvantifikator. Na začetku naloge obravnavamo ontološki dokaz o bivanju boţjem v Anzelmovi, Descartesovi in moderni modalni verziji. Kant je prvi izrazil intuicijo, da eksistenca ni prava lastnost, medtem ko je Frege jasno izrazil mnenje, da je eksistenca predikat drugega reda. Naloga se nadaljuje z Russellovo in Quineovo logično analizo. V tem delu naloge je poudarek tudi na logični analizi praznih imen oziroma stavkov, ki taka imena vsebujejo. Rešitve, ki jih ti avtorji podajajo, pa primerjamo z rešitvami, ki jih ponujata predmetnostna teoretika A. Meinong in E. Zalta. Omenili pa bomo tudi teorijo pretvarjanja G. Evansa. Glavni zaključki naloge so naslednji: (1) eksistenca je predikat prvega reda in ni zgolj logična - trivialna lastnost vseh stvari; (2) eksistenca je določilo, torej je informativna lastnost; (3) povezava med eksistenco kot lastnostjo in eksistencialnim kvantifikatorjem sicer obstaja, vendar sam eksistencialni (parcialni) kvantifikator ne izraţa eksistence. Eksistencialni (parcialni) kvantifikator je treba brati nevtralno. (4) eksistenca je kot predikat prvega reda vključena v razlago eksistencialnega kvantifikatorja. Pri teh odgovorih smo predpostavili obstoj abstraktnih objektov, sklicujoč se na dejstvo, da semantika, ki vsebuje abstraktne objekte, mnogo enostavneje in uspešneje rešuje problem praznih imen in pa negativnih singularnih izjav.
Keywords:filozofija, filozofija logike, eksistenca, predikat prvega reda, predikat drugega reda, abstraktni predmeti, magistrska dela
Place of publishing:Maribor
Publisher:M. Arko
Year of publishing:2004
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-10667 New window
UDC:16(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:13347336 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:HI3VU4F7
Publication date in DKUM:31.05.2009
Views:6000
Downloads:344
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:FF
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Existence-Property or Quantifier?
Abstract:The main aim of my master thesis is to answer the question whether existence is quantifier or property. At the beginning I deal with Anselm´s, Cartesian and modern modal Ontological Argument for God´s existence. Kant was the first philosopher who expressed the intuition that the existence is not a real property; meanwhile Frege clearly holds that the existence is a second order predicate. This work continues with Russell and Quine´s logical analysis. I pay attention especially to the logical analysis of empty names and sentences containing such names. Theories of these authors are contrasted with theories of objects‟ theorists like Zalta and Meinong. I shall also refer to the pretence theory. The main conclusions of my work are: (1) existence is a first order predicate and not merely logical trivial property that is true of everything; (2) existence is a determinating informative property (3) There is a connection between existential quantifier and a property of existence, but existential (partial) quantifier alone does not express existence. Existential quantifier should be read neutrally.(4) Existence is in most of cases included in the interpretation of existential quantifier. By giving answer to all these questions, I have presupposed abstract objects. I justified their use by claiming that semantics that uses abstract objects solves all the problems of empty names and negative existential statements in a much simpler and efficient way.
Keywords:philosophy, philosophy of logics, existence, first order predicate, second order predicate, abstract objects


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