Demokratične spremembe v državah vzhodne in jugovzhodne Evrope v letih 1988, 1989 in 1990

Sečkar, Klementina

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Title:	Demokratične spremembe v državah vzhodne in jugovzhodne Evrope v letih 1988, 1989 in 1990
Authors:	ID Sečkar, Klementina (Author) ID Friš, Darko (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	UNI_Seckar_Klementina_2009.pdf (1,39 MB) MD5: A628348FA9308D239B10B37151E0601E PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/6828228d-3072-498a-9d0a-fc1d8d94f21d
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Undergraduate thesis
Organization:	FF - Faculty of Arts
Abstract:	V diplomski nalogi predstavljam demokratične spremembe v državah vzhodne in jugovzhodne Evrope, torej Albanije, Bolgarije, Češkoslovaške, Madžarske, Nemške demokratične republike, Poljske in Romunije v letih 1988, 1989 in 1990. Pot do demokracije v teh državah ni bila preprosta. V Albaniji so se gibanja za demokratizacijo začela v okviru političnih sprememb v nekdanjih socialističnih vzhodnoevropskih državah konec 80 let. V Bolgariji je v procesu demokratične preobrazbe komunistična partija sestopila z oblasti. Na Češkoslovaškem so ob 20. obletnici okupacije Češkoslovaške leta 1988 potekale demonstracije, ki so pripeljale do t. i. žametne revolucije, ko je morala partija sestopiti z oblasti. Po ustavi, ki je bila leta 1989 temeljito spremenjena, je nekdanja socialistična ljudska republika Madžarska postala neodvisna demokratična država. Glavne pridobitve nove ustave, ki je urejala prehod v parlamentarno demokracijo, so bile odprava vodilne vloge komunistične partije (v nadaljevanju Madžarske socialistične delavske partije), uvedba večstrankarskega sistema in delitev oblasti. Nemška demokratična republika je julija 1990 ustanovila denarno, gospodarsko in socialno zvezo z Zvezno republiko Nemčijo. Ob privolitvi zaveznikov pa so 3. 10. 1990 podpisali sporazum o ustanovitvi enotne Nemčije. Na Poljskem so v začetku leta 1989 dovolili delovanje različnih političnih klubov. Uvedli so urad predsednika države in dvodomni parlament. V Romuniji so s starim režimom »obračunali« konec leta 1989, ko so v tajnem procesu usmrtili predsednika Ceausesca in njegovo ženo Eleno. Oblast v državi je prevzela Fronta narodne rešitve.
Keywords:	Ključne besede: politično stanje v državah vzhodne in jugovzhodne Evrope v devetdesetih letih, notranja in zunanja politika držav vzhodne in jugovzhodne Evrope v letih 1988, 1989 in 1990, gospodarstvo držav vzhodne in jugovzhodne Evrope v letih 1988, 1989 in 1990.
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Publisher:	[K. Sečkar]
Year of publishing:	2009
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-12504
UDC:	93/94(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	17548296
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:9KKUEKLF
Publication date in DKUM:	22.04.2010
Views:	2575
Downloads:	205
Metadata:
Categories:	FF
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Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	Democratic changes in countries of Eastern and Southeastern Europe in the years 1988, 1989 and 1990
Abstract:	In my thesis I have presented democratic changes in countries of Eastern and Southeastern Europe: Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, German Democratic Republic, Poland and Romania in the years 1988, 1989 and 1990. The way to democracy in these countries was not easy. In Albania, the movement for democratization began in the context of political changes in former socialist Eastern European countries at the end of 80s. In Bulgaria, the Communist Party withdrew from their rule in the process of democratic transformation. In Czechoslovakia demonstrations were held at the 20th anniversary of the occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1988, which led to the so callled Vlevet Revolution, when the party had to withdraw from their ruling position. According to the Constitution, which was substantially amended in 1989, former Socialist People's Republic of Hungary became an independent democratic country. The main acquisitions of the new Constitution, which defined the transition to parliamentary democracy, were the annulment of the Communist Party leadership ('the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party), the introduction of a multiparty system and division of powers. German Democratic Republic established a monetary, economic and social connection with the Federal Republic of Germany in July 1990. With the consent of the allies they signed an agreement about the establishment of a united Germany on the 3rd October 1990. In Poland the activities of various political clubs were allowed in the beginning of 1989. The office of the president and bicameral parliament was introduced. In Romania, the old regime was done away with at the end of 1989, when president Ceausesco and his wife Elena were executed. The National Salvation Front took over the rule.
Keywords:	Keywords: political situation in countries of Eastern and Southeastern Europe in the nineties, internal and external policies of East and Southeast Europe in the years 1988, 1989 and 1990, the economy of Eastern and Southeastern Europe in the years 1988, 1989 and 1990.

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