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Title:KOMORIENTI
Authors:ID Rebernik, Vanja (Author)
ID Rijavec, Vesna (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
ID Kraljić, Suzana (Comentor)
Files:.pdf UNI_Rebernik_Vanja_2010.pdf (681,55 KB)
MD5: 2CEDF6C08F9FB640D47E3A5270FBEEA3
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/915d2313-a7b2-47e1-b029-8a45c8b8b18a
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Undergraduate thesis
Organization:PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:Komorienti so osebe, umrle v istem trenutku ali ob približno enakem času, tako da časa njihovih smrti ni mogoče natančno določiti. Generalno pravilo rimskega prava, ki za takšne umrle osebe, ki imajo sposobnost dedovanja med seboj, predvideva simultane smrti, je sprejeto v civilnopravnih ureditvah večine držav in tako tudi v večini evropskih držav ter v večini držav Južne Amerike, prav tako pa jo urejajo tudi nekatere druge države. Tudi Združene države Amerike so sprejele domnevo sočasnih smrti, s to razliko, da domneva velja za vse primere smrti, ki so nastopile v roku 120 ur. Domneva sočasnih smrti je sprejeta tudi v nekaterih delih Kanade, v hebrejskem pravu in, po prevladujočem mnenju doktrine, tudi v islamskem pravu. Med domnevami, ki določajo preživetje enega komorienta, je najbolj razširjena domneva, ki se oblikuje glede na starost komorientov tako, da šteje, da je mlajši preživel starejšega. Prva jo je uzakonila Anglija, danes pa jo najdemo v večini držav »common law«. Slovenska zakonodaja ne uzakonja domneve komorientov, vendar se, tako po mnenju pravne teorije kakor tudi pravne prakse, zanje uporabi pravno pravilo 25. člena ODZ, ki za takšne primere domneva, da so smrti nastopile sočasno. Takšna ureditev je skladna z obstoječo zakonodajo in načeli civilnega prava. V osnovi se uporabljata dve domnevi: domneva sočasnih smrti in domneva preživetja, ki določa vrstni red smrti glede na določen kriterij, najpogoste je to starost komorientov, tako da mlajši preživi starejšega. Toda vse domneve se uporabljajo skupaj in v skladu z obstoječo zakonodajo vsake države, kar posledično pomeni, da bo uporaba sicer enake domneve v različnih sistemih dala različne rezultate. Opozoriti je potrebno tudi na različne izjeme, ki jih posamezni redi priznavajo zakonskim domnevam. Poenotenje domneve v smislu "univerzelanega pravila", katerega uporaba bi ustrezala vsem pravnim redom in bo veljala tako za zakonito kakor oporočno dedovanje, ni mogoče. Vselej pa je potrebno dopustiti izpodbojnost takšnih domnev, najmanj z oporočnimi določili, če domneva ni izpodbojna že z dokazi o de facto preživetju.
Keywords:Čas smrti, dedovanje, komorienti, pravna domneva, sočasne smrti, preživetje, izpodbojnost.
Place of publishing:Maribor
Publisher:[V. Rebernik]
Year of publishing:2010
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-13684 New window
UDC:34(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:4067627 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:TNW0YFYR
Publication date in DKUM:16.04.2010
Views:4894
Downloads:409
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:PF
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:COMMORIENTES
Abstract:Commorientes are persons who die at the same time or about at the same time so the exact time of their death is unknown. The general rule of Roman law by which the deaths of persons, who are potential beneficiaries of each other are presumed to have occurred simultaneously is broadly accepted by the majority of civil law countries, and is therefore to be found in most of European and South American countries, and some other countries. The USA has adopted the same rule with important extention to all cases of deaths of commorientes which occurred in a period of 120 hours. The statutory presumption of simultaneous deaths can also be found in some parts of Canada, Hebrew law and by the general and prevailing doctrine also in Islamic law. The most common and broadly accepted presumption, among those which formulate survivorship based on criteria among the commorientes is seniority presumption. Survivorship is based on age of the commorientes, so the youngest is deemed to have survived the elder. England was the first country, which enacted this rule, followed by the majority of common law countries. Slovenia has no statutory presumption of commorientes. According to legal doctrine and case law the presumption of simultaneous deaths which derives from ODZ, article 25 is to be followed. Presumption is consistent with Slovenian legislation and civil law doctrine. Generally speaking there are two presumptions that of simultaneous death and presumption based on specific characteristic, most commonly the presumption is based on age of commorientes. But if we look closely almost every presumption is altered thru the specific succession rules of each country, so we find numerous derivations of basic rules. Often we can find various exceptions to the statutory presumption. Therefore to expect produce one presumption applicable to all countries and for all purposes of succession (testamentary and intestate) is an impossible task to do. It should be noted that every statutory presumption must be rebuttable, if not by de facto survivorship, at least by the disposition of a will.
Keywords:Time of death, succession, commorientes, presumption of law, simultaneous death, survivorship, rebuttability.


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