UČINKOVITOST NANOFILTRACIJE PRI ODSTRANJEVANJU KOVINSKIH IONOV IZ MODELNE VODE

Španbauer, Aleksandra

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Title:	UČINKOVITOST NANOFILTRACIJE PRI ODSTRANJEVANJU KOVINSKIH IONOV IZ MODELNE VODE
Authors:	ID Španbauer, Aleksandra (Author) ID Lobnik, Aleksandra (Mentor) More about this mentor... ID Bauman, Maja (Comentor)
Files:	UNI_Spanbauer_Aleksandra_2010.pdf (2,48 MB) MD5: D3772C1507C9B79F82D97D6EA10A0505 PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/ceb632c7-1474-4a22-867a-5f365d4a4387
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Undergraduate thesis
Organization:	FS - Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Abstract:	Ioni določenih kovin v vodi lahko že v nizkih koncentracijah škodujejo zdravju in obremenjujejo okolje in žive organizme. Med učinkovitejše sisteme odstranjevanja kovinskih ionov iz vode sodijo membranske filtracije, kot npr. nanofiltracija (NF). NF membrane imajo večinoma sposobnost zadrževanja večvaletnih kationov, med njimi tudi ionov težkih kovin, monovalentne ione pa glede na filtracijske zakonitosti prepuščajo. Eksperimentalni del diplomskega dela zajema karakterizacijo dveh nanofiltracijskih membran ter v nadaljevanju študij zadrževanja ionov težkih kovin, prisotnih v modelni vodi. Izbrane soli težkih kovin (so sestavljene iz kationov različnih molekulskih mas in velikosti ter z nitratnega aniona (NO3-)). Filtracija modelne vode je potekala skozi izbrani in karakterizirani NF membrani, pri različnih delovnih pogojih (pH 4; 7; 9 in tlaku 5; 10; 15; 20 bar). V rezultatih je podana učinkovitost filtracije kot retencija, ločeno za ione težkih kovin in nitratne anione pri različnih izbranih delovnih pogojih. Rezultati eksperimentalnega dela so uvodoma pokazali, da je filtracijo modelne vode, ki vsebuje ione težkih soli smiselno izvajati le v kislem mediju (pH 4). Iz tehnološkega vidika je proces najbolj optimalno potekal pri najvišjem tlaku (20 bar), kjer je membrana v največji meri zadržala Zn2+ ione (90,3%), ki jim sledijo Pb2+ (79,1%) in Cd2+ (28,6%). Retencija nitratnih ionov je prav tako odvisna od prisotnega kationa in sledi trendu kovinskih ionov. Posebno pozornost je potrebno posvetiti čiščenju membrane in se pri tem izogniti tvorbi netopnih kovinskih hidroksidov v alkalnem mediju, ki membrano nepovratno zamašijo in poškodujejo.
Keywords:	nanofiltracija, tankoslojne kompozitne (TFC) membrane, karakterizacija membrane, ioni težkih kovin (Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+), modelna voda, učinek zadrževanja
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Publisher:	[A. Španbauer]
Year of publishing:	2010
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-13863
UDC:	628.353(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	14171926
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:IN9SPTKU
Publication date in DKUM:	06.05.2010
Views:	4291
Downloads:	476
Metadata:
Categories:	KTFMB - FS
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Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	EFFICIENCY OF NANOFILTRATION PROCESS BY METAL ION REMOVAL FROM MODEL WATER
Abstract:	Heavy metal ions in water can harm health and load the environment and living organisms, already when they are present in low concentrations. Among many conventional treatment methods, membrane separation processes, i.e. nanofiltration (NF) enables efficient heavy metal ion removal from wastewaters. Nanofiltration membranes should be able to reject multivalent cations, (including heavy metal ions), while the monovalent ions pass through the membrane. The experimental part of the diploma work includes the characterization of nanofiltration membranes and the study of heavy metal ion rejection. The selected heavy metal salts (Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+) are composed of various cations and nitrate anion (NO3-), thus having different molecular weight and size. Model water filtration was performed using two preliminary characterized nanofiltration membranes under different operating conditions (pH 4; 7; 9 and pressure 5; 10; 15; 20 bar). As the result the rejection efficiencies separately for heavy metal ions and nitrate anion are given considering different defined working conditions. On the basis of results we can state that the filtration process could be efficiently performed in acid media (pH 4). From technological point of view the process was optimally managed at the highest tested pressure (20 bar), where the retention efficiency was highest of Zn2+ ions (90.3%), followed by Pb2+ (79.1%) and Cd2+ (28.6%). Retention efficiency of nitrate ions depends on the kind of present cations and follows the trend of metal ions’ retention. Special attention has to be paid to the membrane cleaning in order to avoid the formation of insoluble metal hydroxides in alkali media, which irreversibly clog and damage the membrane.
Keywords:	nanofiltration, thin film composite (TFC) membranes, membrane characterization, heavy metal ions (Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+), model wastewater, retention efficiency

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