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Title:SPECIFIČNOSTI OBDAVČITVE UPOKOJENCEV IN ŠTUDENTOV V SKLADU Z NOVO ZAKONODAJO
Authors:ID Vudler, Patricija (Author)
ID Kokotec-Novak, Majda (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf VS_Vudler_Patricija_2010.pdf (382,82 KB)
MD5: 01499499537F847377F7C0DF7A7FF45A
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/b1411d03-c511-412b-8346-373bc36be3d0
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Undergraduate thesis
Organization:EPF - Faculty of Business and Economics
Abstract:Upokojenec je oseba, katera se je upokojila in za to ob koncu aktivnega dela prejema zasluženo pokojnino. Po uvedbi nove pokojninske reforme, bi naj bila starostna meja za upokojitev 65 let ob izpolnjeni pokojninski dobi najmanj 15 let. Upokojencem je glavni vir dohodka v pokoju pokojnina, ki je lahko delna, starostna, vdovska, invalidska, družinska ali državna. Družinska pokojnina ni vezana na status upokojenca, pač pa jo lahko prejemajo drugi družinski člani po umrlem. Tako jo lahko prejema tudi študent. Študent je oseba, ki se vpiše na visokošolski zavod in se tako izobražuje po dodiplomskem ali podiplomskem programu. V času študija imajo študenti možnost pridobitve dohodka preko študentskega dela na podlagi študentskih napotnic, izdanih preko študentskih servisov in štipendij, kot so kadrovska, državna in Zoisova štipendija. Višina prejetih dohodkov in status (upokojenec, študent) osebe, vpliva na znesek akontacije dohodnine. Status osebe je pomemben pri ugotavljanju oziroma uveljavljanju možnih olajšav. Na podlagi višine dohodkov in upoštevanih možnih olajšav pridemo do ugotovitve, v kateri dohodninski razred sodi posameznik. Znesek študentovih olajšav se razlikuje od zneska upokojenčevih olajšav. Tako ob enako ustvarjenemu dohodku, nista enako obdavčena, prav zaradi različnega izhodišča. Pri upokojencih so obdavčene vse pokojnine, če presegajo neobdavčeno mejo, katera predstavlja 1.027,00 eurov. Upokojenci, kateri so starejši od 65 let uveljavljajo še starostno olajšavo in za to pri njih nastopi davčni odtegljaj pri višini 1.250,00 eurov. Pri študentih je obdavčena od štipendij le kadrovska, če presega višino minimalne plače in pa študentsko delo ob prekoračitvi dovoljene meje, ki je odvisna od tega ali je oseba vzdrževani družinski član ali ne in ali izpolnjuje pogoje za uveljavljanje posebne osebne olajšave. Zaradi vrste problemov povezanih s študentskim delom, so predlagane določene rešitve v Zakonu o malem delu. Po novi zakonodaji bi tako začasno, občasno in trajnejše omejeno delo lahko opravljali študenti, brezposelni in upokojenci. Pomembna razlika od študentskega dela, katerega poznamo danes, je, da bi se po novem tovrstno delo omejilo na 14 ur tedensko, torej 60 ur mesečno, kar znaša na letni ravni 720 ur. Za študente izjemoma bi zaradi prioritete študija veljala le letna omejitev števila ur. Poleg tega je novost še ta, da se za tovrstno delo predvideva letna omejitev dohodka, katera naj ne bi presegala 6.000,00 eurov bruto.
Keywords:študent, upokojenec, pokojnina, štipendija, olajšave, študentska napotnica, obdavčitev dohodkov, praktično delo, vzdrževani član, dohodninska lestvica, Zakon o malem delu
Place of publishing:Maribor
Publisher:[P. Vudler]
Year of publishing:2010
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-16390 New window
UDC:336.22
COBISS.SI-ID:10569244 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:9WYWHN8M
Publication date in DKUM:17.02.2011
Views:4551
Downloads:186
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:EPF
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:SPECIFICITIES TO TAX PENSIONERS AND STUDENTS UNDER THE NEW LEGISLATION
Abstract:A pensioner is a person who retired himself and therefore receives a well-deserved pension at the end of active work. After the introduction of the new pension scheme reform, the retirement age should be at 65 after having met the pension qualifying period for at least 15 years. For retired persons, the main source of income in the retirement is a pension, which can be partial, old-age, widower's, invalidity, survivor's and state pension. Survivor's pension is independent of the status of retired person, yet other family members can receive it through the deceased. Thus, a student can receive it as well. A student is a person who entered the higher education and thus studies graduate or post-graduate program. In the course of the study, the students have the possibility to receive income through student work on the basis of students referrals issued by student service and scholarships such as company, state and Zois scholarship. The amount of the received income and status of a person (a pensioner, a student) have an impact on the amount of prepayment of income taxes. The status of a person is important in the identification or enforcement of potential reliefs and benefits. Based on the amount of income and considered potential reliefs, we arrive at conclusions to which income tax bracket an individual belongs. The amount of student reliefs differs from the amount of pensioner’s benefits. Thus, having received the same income, they are not equally taxed due to the different grounds. With regard to pensioners, all pensions are taxed, if they exceed the tax-free threshold, which presents 1,027.00 Euros. Seniors who are older than 65 years enforce and call on age allowance. Therefore, a withholding tax occurs in the amount of 1,250.00 Euros. Regarding the students and scholarships, only the company scholarship is taxed, if it exceeds the minimum salary. The student work is taxed when exceeding permitted limit, which depends upon the fact, weather the person is a surviving dependant or not and weather he meets the requirements to enforce special personal relief. Due to a series of problems related to the student work, the specific solutions are proposed in the Part-time Workers Regulations. Under the new legislation, the temporary, periodical and permanent work could be done by students, unemployed and retired persons. The important difference from student work, with which we are familiar nowadays, is that such work should be newly limited to 14 hours a week, which is 60 hours a month and 720 hours a year. Exceptionally, the annual limit of number of hours would apply for students due to the priority of study. Additionally, such work newly provides an annual income limit, which should not exceed 6,000.00 Euros gross.
Keywords:student, pensioner, pensions, scholarships, reliefs, student referral, income taxation, practical work, surviving dependant, income tax scale, Part-time Workers Regulations


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