PRIMERJAVA ČELJUSTI PRI DVEH VRSTAH EVROPSKIH VOLKCEV (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)

Knehtl, Miha

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Title:	PRIMERJAVA ČELJUSTI PRI DVEH VRSTAH EVROPSKIH VOLKCEV (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)
Authors:	ID Knehtl, Miha (Author) ID Devetak, Dušan (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	UNI_Knehtl_Miha_2011.pdf (5,12 MB) MD5: 9F2E7999DE974F5A1D647A21C446F025 PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/ef2b6a8d-e80f-4996-af92-73efe6457a90
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Undergraduate thesis
Organization:	FNM - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
Abstract:	V diplomskem delu smo proučevali in med seboj primerjali morfološke značilnosti čeljusti ličink dveh vrst volkcev (Myrmeleon formicarius in Neuroleon microstenus), ki se poslužujeta različnih strategij plenjenja. Volkci vrste Myrmeleon formicarius, kot predstavniki lijakarskih volkcev, v peščeno podlago gradijo lijakaste pasti, v katere se ujame žrtev. Pri gradnji lijaka si pomagajo z dorzalno površino glave, s ščetinami, ki izraščajo iz roba glavine kapsule, s čeljustmi in čeljustnimi ščetinami. Volkci vrste Neuroleon microstenus takšnih lijakov ne gradijo, temveč zakopani v substrat prežijo na plen. Za razliko od nelijakarjev lijakarji svojih čeljusti torej ne uporabljajo le za to, da zagrabijo in izsesajo svoj plen, temveč tudi za samo izgradnjo lijaka. Iz tega izhaja naša domneva, da so volkci lijakarji tekom evolucije razvili čeljusti s številčnejšimi, daljšimi in bolj gosto nameščenimi ščetinami, kar je povečalo skupno površino, s katero lahko zajamejo substrat. To smo skušali z našo raziskavi tudi potrditi. Meritve so potekale na posušenih in v alkoholu konzerviranih ličinkah v tretjem larvalnem stadiju. Fotografirane vzorce smo obdelali s programsko opremo EclipseNet. Rezultati so pokazali, da so pri lijakarju čeljustne ščetine številnejše in je razdalja med njimi oz. med njimi in zobci krajša kot pri nelijakarju. Na obeh straneh čeljusti segajo ščetine pri lijakarju tudi višje proti konici čeljusti kot pri nelijakarju. Posledica tega je, da je pri lijakarju skupna površina, s katero lahko ličinka volkca zajame substrat, večja kot pri nelijakarju. Izračun razmerja med površino čeljusti vključno s ščetinami in površino čeljusti brez ščetin je pokazal, da je omenjeno razmerje večje pri lijakarju, kar pomeni, da pri le-tem večji delež k skupni zajemalni površini čeljusti prispevajo ščetine kot pri nelijakarju.
Keywords:	volkci, morfologija, čeljusti, predatorsko vedenje, Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae.
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Publisher:	[M. Knehtl]
Year of publishing:	2011
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-20784
UDC:	57/59(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	18715144
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:LBXFK5OO
Publication date in DKUM:	26.10.2011
Views:	2618
Downloads:	212
Metadata:
Categories:	FF FNM
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Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	COMPARISON OF MANDIBLE OF TWO EUROPEAN ANTLION SPECIES (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)
Abstract:	The focus of our research was the study of the morphology and comparison of the mandibles of two species of antlion larvae (Myrmeleon formicarius in Neuroleon microstenus) with different predatory strategies. Pit-building species, like M. formicarius, build funnels in the sandy substratum that function as traps for little arthropods. The pit-building species dig their pits with the dorsal surface of their head, the bristles located on the margin of the head capsule, the mandibles and the mandibular bristles. Non-pit-building species, like N. microstenus, don’t build traps, but bury themselves in the sandy substratum where they wait for prey. In comparison to non-pit-building species, bit-building species use their mandibles not only to grasp and suck out their prey but also to build their pits. It is only logical to assume that during the course of the evolution the pit-building species developed mandibles with more, longer and densely placed bristles. This features increased the total surface which the antlions can use to dig their pit. The main goal of our research was to confirm this assumption. Measurements where taken from dried and in alcohol preserved specimens in third larval stage. We processed the photographed samples with the computer program EclipseNet. The results show that the pit-building species has more mandibular bristles with shorter distances between them. In pit-builder M. formicarius on both sides of the mandibles the bristles extend higher to the pointed end of the mandibles. Consequently, the total surface, which the antlion larvae use for digging, is bigger in M. formicarius than in N. microstenus. The relation between the surface of the mandibles without the bristles and the surface of the mandibles together with the bristles is bigger in pit-builder M. formicarius, which means that the mandibular bristles of this species represent a larger part of the total ladle surface than that of the non-pit-building species.
Keywords:	antlion, morphology, mandibles, predatory behavior, Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae.

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