KRIVDA V KAZENSKEM PRAVU IN RAZLOGI ZA NJENO IZKLJUČITEV

Babič, Alja

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Title:	KRIVDA V KAZENSKEM PRAVU IN RAZLOGI ZA NJENO IZKLJUČITEV
Authors:	ID Babič, Alja (Author) ID Dežman, Zlatan (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	UNI_Babic_Alja_2011.pdf (352,38 KB) MD5: 1F8F590F0959C8CAD233A10633FBC4AB PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/b8aaeb1c-ac6e-42a3-99d3-69580db08cca
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Undergraduate thesis
Organization:	PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:	Kazniva dejanja, so tista človekova ravnanja, ki posegajo v temeljne družbene odnose in napadajo temeljne človekove in družbene vrednote. Zaradi varstva družbenih interesov, je zakonodaja vzpostavila sistem zakonskih norm, s katerimi varuje in ohranja skupne družbene interese, storilce takih dejanj pa preganja in na podlagi dokazane krivde tudi kaznuje. Ob predpostavki svobodnega odločanja storilca za dobro in zlo, je lahko storilec spoznan za krivega le, če so izpolnjeni vsi pogoji za kaznivo dejanje in njegovo krivdo. Pri vsakem kaznivem dejanju se presoja ali gre za storilčevo voljno ravnanje, ki je skladno z bitjo kakšne inkriminacije, ali je dejanje protipravno in kot zadnje, ali je podana storilčeva krivda. Kriv je storilec, ki je storil kaznivo dejanje z naklepom ali iz malomarnosti, pri tem pa se je zavedal ali se bi moral in mogel zavedati, da ravna v nasprotju s pravom, ter je bil ob storitvi kaznivega dejanja prišteven. Šele, ko so izpolnjeni vsi pogoji za krivdo storilca se presoja, ali so bili morebiti podani razlogi, ki njegovo krivdo izključujejo. Zakonsko določeni razlogi, zaradi katerih se storilec lahko ekskulpira krivde so neprištevnost, kjer morata biti v razmerju vzroka in posledice podana tako biološki pogoj, to je, da storilec ni mogel razumeti pomena svojega dejanja ali ni mogel imeti v oblasti svojega ravnanja zaradi duševne motnje ali duševne manjrazvitosti, kot tudi psihološki pogoj neprištevnosti, kjer morata biti izpolnjena tako zavestna kot voljna sestavina. Izključitvena razloga krivde storilca sta tudi neizogibna dejanska ali neizogibna pravna zmota. Storilec je v dejanski zmoti takrat, kadar ne ve kaj dela, ker ima napačne predstave o dejanskih okoliščinah, ki so znak kaznivega dejanja oziroma okoliščinah, ki bi izključevale protipravnost njegovega dejanja, če bi bile res podane, v pravni zmoti pa je storilec takrat, kadar ima storilec pravilno predstavo o dejanskih okoliščinah, vendar je zmotno prepričan, da je njegovo dejanje dovoljeno. Storilec se prav tako lahko ekskulpira krivde ob pogoju, da je ravnal v opravičljivi skrajni sili. Kadar storilec stori kaznivo dejanje ob prepričanju, da odvrača od sebe ali koga drugega istočasno nezakrivljeno nevarnost in če je ni bilo mogoče odvrniti drugače, mu namreč ni mogoče očitati, da pri varovanju svoje eksistence ni ravnal prav in zato je njegova krivda izključena.
Keywords:	kaznivo dejanje, krivda, neprištevnost, dejanska zmota, pravna zmota, skrajna sila
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Publisher:	[A. Babič]
Year of publishing:	2011
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-20886
UDC:	34(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	4282411
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:J1LAGVYF
Publication date in DKUM:	27.10.2011
Views:	6600
Downloads:	1078
Metadata:
Categories:	PF
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Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	GUILT IN CRIMINAL LAW AND REASONS FOR ITS EXCLUSION
Abstract:	Criminal acts can be defined as those human activities that interfere with fundamental social relations and attack fundamental human and social values. In order to protect public interests system of legal norms, established through legislation, protect and preserve the common interests of society. The perpetrators of such acts are persecuted, and on the basis of proven guilt, also punished. Assuming that the perpetrator has the freedom of choosing between good and evil, he may be convicted only if all the conditions for crime and his guilt are fulfilled. When evaluating the nature of each offense, either conducted willingly or negligently, one needs to determine whether the perpertrator was or should have been aware of the fact, that he is not acting in accordance with the law. Next to this, it must be proven that he was lucid at the time of the commencement of the act. Only in circumstances when all of the above mentioned conditions for the perpetrator`s blame are fulfilled, can one consider the existence of reasonable grounds to exclude his guilt. Statutory defined ground on which the offender`s guilt can be eliminated are insanity, mental disorder and mental retardation. When reliying on the reason of insanity, it is important to stress that the relationship between the cause and effect must have a biological basis, which means that the offender did not understand the meaning of his act or was not in control of his behavior. Moreover, the elements of consciousness and willingness must be present. Law also recognizes so called exclusionary grounds for offender˙s fault (culpa), which are inevitable actual or legal errors. An actual error can be defined as an act executed without the perpertrator`s consciousness. The inability of judgment needs to be a consequence for the perpertrator misconception of the actual circumstances, which either constitute the criminal act or would exclude unlawfulnes of his act. On the contrary, one speaks of a legal error when the perception of actual facts is complete, but the perpretrator`s understanding of what constitutes an unlawful act is incorrect.Actions committed in cases of justifable extreme force also constitute a situation where the offender`s guilt may be exculpated. These cases can be described as acts performed in the perpertrator`s belief that said unlawful act is absolutely necessary in order to prevent a danger brought upon himself or another person , and could not be avoided by any other means.
Keywords:	criminal act, guilt, insanity, actual error, legal error, extreme force

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