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Title:TERITORIALNA AVTONOMIJA KOT OBLIKA VARSTVA ETNIČNIH MANJŠIN V EVROPSKI UNIJI - PRIMERJAVA JUŽNE TIROLSKE AALANDSKIH OTOKOV
Authors:ID Skale, Oto (Author)
ID Devetak, Silvo (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf MAG_Skale_Oto_2011.pdf (1,08 MB)
MD5: 227E1089FA80344EA24C026BBBA3BDF3
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/acc8bd83-f0ab-4814-9b4f-15814c872c67
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Master's thesis
Organization:PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:Teritorialna avtonomija je najbolj izpopolnjena oblika manjšinske avtonomije, saj zagotavlja široke izvršne, zakonodajne in sodne pristojnosti avtonomije na določenem območju. Ker pa je ta avtonomija povezana s potencialno grožnjo po odcepitvi in predstavlja nevarnost integriteti držav, je redek pojav v mednarodni skupnosti. Posledično nima termin ustreznega mesta niti v mednarodnem pravu niti v pravu EU, saj slednje ne priznava kolektivnih manjšinskih pravic, kakor tudi ne razpolaga s standardi manjšinske zaščite v politiki EU. Manjšinsko zaščito obravnava skozi prizmo gospodarskega prava, kar je lahko problematično, saj lahko ustanavljanje skupnega trga in posebne manjšinske pravice predstavljajo konfliktne interese. Južna Tirolska in Aalandski otoki predstavljajo v EU najbolj izpopolnjene oblike teritorialnih avtonomij, zato so potencialni vzor razvoju manjšinskega varstva v Evropi. Na etnični osnovi utemeljeni avtonomiji Južne Tirolske in Aalandskih otokov imata številne podobne in različne lastnosti, ki so povezane z izvorom, razvojem, zemljepisnim položajem, etnično sestavo in političnim kontekstom. Primerjava različnih spektrov obravnavanih avtonomij (zgodovinski razvoj, avtonomne pristojnosti, finančne pristojnosti, raba jezika, odnosi z matičnim narodom itd.) nas pripelje do zaključka, da so Aalandski otoki popolnejša oblika etnične avtonomije od Južne Tirolske. Po Avtonomnem aktu iz leta 1991 imajo namreč nadzor nad praktično vsemi zakonodajnimi in izvršnimi pristojnostmi, ki zadevajo življenje na otokih in so dejansko »država v državi«. Kot tipični primer lahko navedem podatek, da je finščina v izobraževanju šele na 3. mestu, za švedščino in angleščino. Vstop Finske v EU je pokazal tudi to, kako so Aalandski otoki pridobili poseben ustavni položaj na ravni EU in se s tem zaščitili pred nezaželenimi učinki skupnega trga na njihov sistem »regionalnega državljanstva«. Južna Tirolska na drugi strani ni imela nikoli priložnosti pridobiti »posebnega evropskega statuta« za visoko raven zaščite, ki jo uživa v italijanski državi. Čezmejno sodelovanje avtonomnih skupnosti, ki jim je s pravnimi mehanizmi EU in SE dano vedno več pozornosti, sodi med prioritetne cilje nemške manjšine na Južnem Tirolskem. Evropska regija Tirolska, ki združuje avstrijsko deželo Tirolsko in italijanski provinci Južna Tirolska in Trentino, predstavlja najvišjo obliko razvoja čezmejnih struktur v okviru EU, Aalandski otoki pa so na drugi strani primarno usmerjeni v regionalne mednarodne organizacije (kot je npr. Nordijski svet).
Keywords:Južna Tirolska, Aalandski otoki, avtonomija, teritorialna avtonomija, etnična manjšina, Evropska unija, čezmejno sodelovanje
Place of publishing:Maribor
Publisher:[O. Skale]
Year of publishing:2011
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-20910 New window
UDC:34(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:4274475 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:IX9MLOYZ
Publication date in DKUM:13.10.2011
Views:3053
Downloads:277
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:PF
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:TERITORIAL AUTONOMY AS A MEANS OF PROTECTING MINORITY RIGTS IN EUROPEAN UNION- A COMPERRITIVE STUDY OF THE AALAND ISLANDS AND SOUTH TYROL
Abstract:Territorial autonomy is the most developed form of minority autonomy, as it provides broad executive, legislative and judicial competence on defined territory. Because it is linked to the potential threat of secession and represents danger to national integrity, it rarely appears in international community. Consequently the term itself has a proper place neither in international law nor in the European Union Law. EU does not recognize collective minority rights, insofar as there ar no standards for the protection of minorities in the EU policy. It looks at the minority protection through the prism of economic law, what could cause problems as establishing of common market and special minority rights could represent conflict interests. South Tyrol and Aaland Island represent the most developed form of territorial autonomy in the EU and as such can serve as potential model for the development of minority protection in Europe. Founded on the basis of ethnicity, the autonomies of South Tyrol and Aaland Islands have as many common characteristics as distinctions, which are based on their distinctive origins, development, geographic position, ethnic composition and political context. Comparison of different aspects of study autonomies (historical origin, autonomous competences, financial jurisdictions, use of language, kin-state relations etc.) leads to the conclusion, that the Aaland Islands form a more developed form of ethnic autonomy than South Tyrol. According to its Autonomy act, from the year 1991 they have “de facto” control over most of their legislative and executive competences, which affect their every day lives on the islands. They form “a state within a state” and for example Finish occupies third place in the islands' education system, after Swedish and English. Finland’s accession to EU has also shown how the Aland Islands gained a special constitutional rank on the EU level and consequently protection from the unwanted effect of a common market on their system of “right of dimicile”. South Tyrol never had a chance to gain “special European statute” for the high level of minority protection, which the enoy within Italian state. Cross-border cooperation of autonomy communities, which in given more and more attention within the legal mechanisms of the SE and EU, remains one of the main goals of the German minority group in South Tyrol. European region Tyrol, which includes the Austrian province of Tyrol and the Italian provinces of South Tyrol and Trentino, represents the highest example of development cross-border structures in the frame of the EU. Aaland Islands are on the other hand, primarily focused in international regional organizations such as the Nordic Council.
Keywords:South Tyrol, Aaland Islands, Autonomy, Territorial Autonomy, ethnic minority, European Union, cross-border cooperation


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