Uporaba anatomskih lutk pri preiskovanju spolnih zlorab otrok : diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študija

Florjančič, Tea

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Title:	Uporaba anatomskih lutk pri preiskovanju spolnih zlorab otrok : diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študija
Authors:	ID Florjančič, Tea (Author) ID Areh, Igor (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	UNI_Florjancic_Tea_2012.pdf (444,02 KB) MD5: B791CB3BCF202FDA693EB66FA6B8B9EB PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/35d70f34-9d76-41b2-aab9-ec7e7583543c
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security
Abstract:	V diplomski nalogi smo poskušali predstaviti kazniva dejanja spolne zlorabe otrok in njihovo preiskovanje s pomočjo preiskovalnega intervjuja, pri katerem se uporabljajo anatomske lutke. Sposobnost izražanja otrok se razlikuje glede na posamezna razvojna obdobja. Tako vsak otrok npr. ni sposoben natančno verbalno opisati dogodka. Na govor vpliva tako njegova inteligenca, zgovornost, koncentracija, kot tudi bujna domišljija in močna podvrženost sugestiji. Izbira ustrezne metode preiskovanja je zato ključnega pomena in le pravilna uporaba le-te lahko privede do želenega uspeha. Ena iz izmed teh metod je preiskovalni intervju, pri katerem je pomembno, da ima preiskovalec vsa potrebna psihološka znanja in izkušnje, ki mu bodo omogočila verodostojno otrokovo izjavo. Sam postopek ne sme pripeljati do sekundarne viktimizacije žrtve, otrok pa mora imeti po zaključenem intervjuju občutek, da ni sam kriv za dejanje, ki se mu je zgodilo. Ravno zaradi tega je strokovna usposobljenost preiskovalcev zelo pomembna. Za lažje izvajanje intervjuja si preiskovalci lahko pomagajo z uporabo anatomskih lutk. Te lutke so majhne igrače, ki imajo na sebi prišite spolne organe. Predstavljajo anatomski model, na katerem lahko otrok skozi igro, z manj zadrege in sramu, pokaže aktivnosti, ki jih sam ustno ni sposoben opisati. Vendar pa se porajajo vprašanja etičnosti in same uporabe. Otrokova domišljija in radovednost nima meja, zato nazorno igranje z lutkami še ne predstavlja dejstva o morebitni spolni zlorabi. Študije so pokazale, da otroci pri uporabi lutk niso navedli nič več informacij kot tisti brez njih. Še več, dokazano je bilo, da so nekateri zlorabo opisali bolj podrobno z enostavnim vprašanjem »Kaj se je zgodilo?« Dvomljive uporabe anatomskih lutk se zaveda vse več strokovnih institucij, zato je tudi njihova uporaba izdatno manjša. Zaradi narave takšnih kaznivih dejanj, je potrebno veliko timskega dela, usposabljanja in izobraževanja. Prav tako pa je tudi potreba po sodelovanju med institucijami, ki so na kakršen koli način udeležene v preiskovanje, nujna.
Keywords:	spolne zlorabe, otroci, preiskovanje, preiskovalni intervju, preiskovalne tehnike, anatomske lutke, diplomske naloge
Place of publishing:	[Ljubljana
Publisher:	T. Florjančič]
Year of publishing:	2012
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-37700
UDC:	343.98:343.541(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	2537194
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:8BGILANT
Publication date in DKUM:	18.03.2013
Views:	2306
Downloads:	234
Metadata:
Categories:	FVV
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English

Abstract:

This thesis deals with the presentation of criminal sexual abuses of children and investigation of such abuses with investigative interviews that include anatomical dolls. Such criminal offences represent a pressing problem, which is very frequent in the Republic of Slovenia. Children's capabilities of expressing themselves differ from one development period to another. Every child is for instance not capable of a detailed verbal description of the abuse. The later depends on child's intelligence, his or her talkativeness, concentration, as well as his or her imagination and level of susceptibility to suggestion. Selection of the appropriate inquiry method is therefore of key importance and only its proper application enables the desired success. Investigative interview represents one of the inquiry methods, which demands for an investigator to possess the necessary psychological knowledge and experience that enable him to take a credible statement from a child. The procedure itself must not lead to secondary victimisation of the victim, and must not leave the child in the belief that he or she is responsible for the abuse. That is why it is extremely important that the investigators have the necessary professional qualification. Investigators can use anatomical dolls to make the investigative interview a bit easier for the child. These dolls are actually small toys with sexual organs. They represent an anatomical model, which enables the child to show without any embarrassment or shame what happened to him, which he or she might not capable of describing verbally. However, the use of these dolls raises doubts when it comes to ethics, as well as the use itself. Moreover, children's imagination has no limits and illustrative playing does not necessarily imply possible sexual abuse. Studies have shown that children did not give more information when playing with a doll than those that did not have dolls. Moreover, the studies have also proven that some children described the abuse in greater details when they were asked a simple question: »What happened?«. Nature of such criminal offences therefore demands a lot of team work, as well as training and More and more expert institutions are aware of the doubtable use of these anatomical dolls and that is why they are becoming less and less frequent; however the later does not imply that the inquiry methods or their success is at a satisfactory level, especially when it comes to Slovenia education. Moreover, cooperation among institutions that are included in the investigation in one way or another is more than necessary.

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