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Title:PRISKRBA VIROV FINANCIRANJA V VELIKIH PODJETJIH
Authors:ID Pristovnik, Sara (Author)
ID Oplotnik, Žan Jan (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf UNI_Pristovnik_Sara_2012.pdf (1,54 MB)
MD5: EC6E632E13CC9CDF5848743BB2A8E563
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/04d76902-bba4-4077-9a6a-02fe417499e4
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Undergraduate thesis
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:EPF - Faculty of Business and Economics
Abstract:Na podlagi kriterijev razvrščanja podjetij, smo v skladu z v skladu z Zakonom o gospodarskih družbah opredelili veliko podjetje. Velika podjetja imajo na razpolago veliko različnih načinov za pridobitev virov financiranja. Ker je finančno tržišče bolj prilagojeno velikim podjetjem, z dostopom do virov financiranja nimajo težav. Financiranje je proces, ki odloča o priskrbi različnih virov financiranja, obsega aktivnosti ugotavljanja potrebnih finančnih sredstev in aktivnosti pridobivanja virov financiranja. Podjetja potrebujejo sredstva zaradi različnih namenov, kot so razvoj, širitev, preživetje na trgu, funkcioniranje poslovanja ali za splošne namene. V našem diplomskem delu smo spoznali vse možne oblike priskrbe virov financiranja v podjetjih. Ugotovili smo, da nam je na razpolago pestra izbira. Izbiramo lahko med notranjimi in zunanjimi viri financiranja. Med notranje financiranje štejemo nerazdeljen dobiček, amortizacijo in druge notranje vire, med zunanje vire pa spadajo kapitalski vložki, krediti, subvencije in posebne zunanje oblike (lizing, faktoring, forfeting). Podjetja lahko finančna sredstva pridobivajo tudi z vidika lastništva, iz lastniških in dolžniških virov. Med lastniški kapital spadajo vsi notranji viri, kapitalski vložki in subvencije. V okvir dolžniškega kapitala pa uvrščamo kreditne oblike in posebne zunanje oblike. Spoznali smo, da je zelo pomembno, da znajo podjetja najti pravi vir financiranja in se odločiti o njegovi ceni. Pri odločitvi o virih financiranja je treba poiskati najboljšo rešitev, ki se prilagaja optimalni finančni strukturi sredstev v podjetjih. Vsak vir ima svojo ceno in predstavlja strošek za podjetja. Pri tem si lahko pomagamo z izračunom posameznih stroškov. Ugotoviti in oceniti je potrebno stroške lastniškega in stroške dolžniškega kapitala, potem pa tehtati povprečni strošek kapitala, saj imajo različna podjetja tudi precej različno ciljno finančno strukturo. Na ta način si lahko podjetja zagotovijo najugodnejše financiranje, ki je potrebno za uspešno poslovanje. Na primeru podjetja »X« d. d. smo spoznali osnovne vire financiranja. Načine financiranja podjetja smo razbrali iz bilance stanja. Pri analizi finančnega položaja smo si pomagali tudi z izračuni različnih finančnih kazalnikov. Iz ugotovitev lahko povzamemo, da se podjetje »X« d. d. v veliki meri financira z zunanjimi viri. Kot najpogostejša oblika se pojavljajo dolgoročni in kratkoročni krediti. Finančna struktura tako prikazuje manjši delež lastniškega kapitala in večji del dolžniškega kapitala. Na poslovanje podjetja z negativnimi učinki močno vpliva finančna kriza, ki vpliva na visoko stopnjo zadolženosti.
Keywords:veliko podjetje, notranji viri financiranja, zunanji viri financiranja, stroški virov financiranja, lastniški kapital, dolžniški kapital, finančni kazalniki.
Place of publishing:Oplotnica
Publisher:[S. Pristovnik]
Year of publishing:2012
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-38200 New window
UDC:658.14/.17
COBISS.SI-ID:11249436 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:8D6L3PQW
Publication date in DKUM:10.12.2012
Views:2454
Downloads:348
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:EPF
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:ACQUIRING FINANCIAL RESOURCES IN LARGER COMPANIES
Abstract:Based on the company classification criteria and in accordance with the Companies Act we defined a big company. Big companies have at their disposal numerous different ways of acquiring sources of financing. As the financial market is more adjusted to big companies, they have no trouble accessing sources of financing. Financing is a process defining the acquisition of different sources of financing; it comprises activities of establishing required financial resources and activities of acquiring sources of financing. Companies need resources for different purposes such as development, expansion, survival on the market, operations or for general purposes. In our diploma paper we examined all possible forms of acquiring sources of financing in the company. We established there was a great range of forms. One can choose between internal or external sources of financing. Internal financing includes undistributed profit, depreciation and other internal sources; external sources include injections of capital, loans, subsidies and special external forms (leasing, factoring, forfeiting). Companies can also acquire financial resources from the ownership and from ownership or debt sources. Ownership capital includes all internal sources, injections of capital and subsidies. Loan forms and special external forms are ranged within debt capital. We have established that it is very important that companies find an appropriate source of financing and decide on its price. When deciding on the sources of financing, a company has to find the best solution which fits the optimal financial structure of resources in the company. Each source has its price and presents a cost for the companies. As help we can use a calculation of costs. Costs of ownership capital and of debt capital need to be established and assessed, then the average cost of capital weighed, as different companies have quite different target financial structure. In this way, companies can ensure for themselves the most favourable financing required for successful operations. Based on the example of the company »X« d.d., we identified basic sources of financing. The ways of financing were recognized from the balance sheet. When analysing the financial position we also used calculation of different financial indicators. From the findings we can summarize that the company »X« d.d. is largely financed with external sources. Long term and short term loans are the most frequent form. Financial structure thus shows a smaller share of ownership capital and a larger part of debt capital. The operations of the company are largely influenced by the negative effects of the financial crisis which influences the high level of indebtedness.
Keywords:big company, internal sources of financing, external sources of financing, costs of sources of financing, ownership capital, debt capital, financial indicators.


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