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Title:PRISTOJNOSTI POLITIČNIH, VOJAŠKIH IN DRUGIH TELES NATO PRI ODLOČANJU IN IZVAJANJU VOJAŠKIH OPERACIJ - PRIMERI JUGOSLAVIJE, IRAKA, AFGANISTANA IN LIBIJE
Authors:ID Knez, Damijan (Author)
ID Devetak, Silvo (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf UNI_Knez_Damijan_2012.pdf (610,34 KB)
MD5: 72AB75B76744923D09E8DD74C8B1D19E
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/50c38ba4-1e9d-4b96-ba74-cc49844e7a54
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Undergraduate thesis
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:PRISTOJNOSTI POLITIČNIH, VOJAŠKIH IN DRUGIH TELES NATO PRI ODLOČANJU IN IZVAJANJU VOJAŠKIH OPERACIJ – PRIMERI JUGOSLAVIJE, IRAKA, AFGANISTANA IN LIBIJE Organizacija Severnoatlantske pogodbe – NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) je mednarodno vojaško-politična organizacija, ki predstavlja čezatlantsko vez – povezavo varnosti v Severni Ameriki z varnostjo v Evropi. Kolektivna prizadevanja članic so v podporo skupnim varnostnim interesom. Spreminjanje razmer v mednarodnem varnostnem okolju je narekovalo tudi prilagajanje zveze. Njen obstoj je povezan z njeno večnamenskostjo in prilagodljivostjo spremembam v okolju. Severnoatlantsko zavezništvo je bilo ustanovljeno 4. aprila 1949 z Washingtonsko pogodbo med 12 državami članicami, ki so k njej pristopile prostovoljno, na podlagi javne razprave in ustreznega parlamentarnega postopka. Leta 2012 je v zvezo NATO vključenih 28 držav članic. Pogodba podpira njihove individualne pravice ter mednarodne obveznosti v skladu z 51. členom Ustanovne listine Združenih narodov. Ključni členi Severnoatlantske pogodbe so: 4., 5. ter 6. člen. V času svojega obstajanja je Nato za svoje delovanje oblikoval in sprejel več strateških konceptov. Zadnji je bil sprejet novembra 2010. S spreminjanjem vloge Nata se spreminjajo in s tem širijo tudi njegove pristojnosti. V času hladne vojne in sovjetske nevarnosti je bila v ospredju vojaško-obrambna naravnanost. Po koncu hladne vojne in razširitvah pa je zavezništvo omogočilo mirnodobno sodelovanje med državami podpisnicami tako na vojaškem kot tudi na političnem, gospodarskem, znanstvenem, omejeno celo na kulturnem področju. Njegov namen je poleg zagotavljanja varnosti svojim članicam, prispevati k miru, stabilnosti, sodelovanju in demokratičnemu razvoju tudi na drugih celinah v evroatlantskem prostoru in s tem prispevati k svetovnemu miru. Dejavnosti Organizacije severnoatlantske pogodbe so podprte z zapleteno civilno in vojaško strukturo. Delovna telesa, ki se ustanavljajo in spreminjajo glede na obseg in potrebe, imajo določene pristojnosti in naloge. Slovenija je v Natu od leta 2004 ter sodeluje s predstavniki v delovnih telesih. Ima svoje obveznosti in pristojnosti. Slovenska vojska se vključuje v mednarodne operacije in misije Nata. Kot organizacija za kolektivno samoobrambo in varnostno sodelovanje deluje zveza NATO pod vodstvom Varnostnega sveta OZN ali vsaj usklajeno z njim. Pri različnih posegih v primeru kriz izven ozemlja zavezništva gre za naloge izven določil 5. člena Severnoatlantske pogodbe. Mirovne operacije obravnavajo v Natu kot del kriznega upravljanja. Ustanovili so sile za posredovanje, ki so v stalni visoki pripravljenosti. Posredovanja, ki so potekala izven območij držav članic zavezništva, so tudi posredovanja v Jugoslaviji, Iraku, Afganistanu in Libiji. Natovi posegi, ki niso povezani s kolektivno obrambo, niso nezakoniti, če so v skladu z odločitvami VS ZN. Problem legalnosti posega Nata pa se pojavi ob posredovanjih, ki nimajo jasnega mandata VS ZN za operacijo. Natovi vojaški napadi v Bosni in Hercegovini, Afganistanu in Libiji so bili izvedeni na podlagi resolucij VS ZN. Oborožena akcija zoper Zvezno republiko Jugoslavijo v zvezi s položajem na Kosovu ni imela mandata VS ZN. Pomoč Natovih sil Makedoniji pri razoroževanju Osvobodilne vojske Kosova in skupin albanskih skrajnežev prav tako ni imela podlage v mandatu ZN. Brez predhodne odobritve VS ZN je bila tudi invazija Amerike in Velike Britanije na Irak, pri kateri Nato kot organizacija ni imel nobene vloge pri odločitvi za izvedbo napada in nekatere članice zveze ga tudi niso podprle. Dodatne zaščite Turčiji pred morebitnimi zračnimi napadi Iraka ni odobril Severnoatlantski svet, ki je najvišje politično telo za odločanje in posvetovanje v zvezi Nato, ker so temu nasprotovale tri članice zavezništva. Sklep o ukrepih za zaščito Turčije je sprejel Komite za obrambno načrtovanje Nata. Slednje nakazuje problem znotraj zavezništva v zvezi z odločanjem ob posegu izven območja držav član
Keywords:NATO, NATOVA TELESA, NOVI STRATEŠKI KONCEPT (NSK), VOJAŠKE OPERACIJE, MIROVNE OPERACIJE, RESOLUCIJE VARNOSTNEGA SVETA ZDRUŽENIH NARODOV
Place of publishing:Maribor
Publisher:[D. Knez]
Year of publishing:2012
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-38668 New window
UDC:341(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:4436779 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:SVTHFEJZ
Publication date in DKUM:14.12.2012
Views:1879
Downloads:122
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:PF
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:JURISDICTION OF POLITICAL, MILITARY AND OTHER NATO BODIES IN DECISION MAKING AND CONDUCTING MILITARY OPERATIONS, EXAMPLES OF YUGOSLAVIA, IRAQ, AFGHANISTAN AND LIBYA
Abstract:JURISDICTION OF POLITICAL, MILITARY AND OTHER NATO BODIES IN DECISION MAKING AND CONDUCTING MILITARY OPERATIONS – EXAMPLES OF YOUGOSLAVIA, IRAQ, AFGHANISTAN AND LIBYA NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) is an international military-political organization, which represents a transatlantic bond – it is a link of safety in North America on one hand and in Europe on the other. Collective efforts of its member states support their common security interests. Changes in the international security environment demand its flexibility. Its existence is connected with its versatility and adaptability to changes of the environment. North-Atlantic Alliance was established on 4th April, 1949 by The Washington Treaty among the twelve member states. They joined the alliance voluntarily on the basis of public debate and parliamentary procedure. There are twenty-eight member states of NATO in 2012. The treaty supports their individual rights and international obligations in accordance with Article 51 of the UN Charter. Articles 4, 5 and 6 are key articles of the North Atlantic Treaty. NATO has formulated and adopted several strategic concepts during its existence. The last one was adopted in November 2010. The role of NATO changes and along with it its jurisdiction changes and expands. During the cold war and the soviet threat the military-defensive stance was at the forefront. The end of the cold war and the expansion of the alliance enabled peacetime cooperation of the member states on the military as well as on other fields: policy, economy, science, even, though a limited cooperation, in the field of culture. Its purpose is to ensure safety of all the member states, as well as contribute to peace, stability, cooperation and democratic development in other continents of the Euro-Atlantic area and thus contribute to global peace. Activities of NATO are supported by a complex civil and military structure. Working bodies, which are established and change according to size and needs, have certain jurisdiction and duties. Slovenia has been in NATO since 2004 and has been cooperating with representatives of its working bodies. It has its obligations and responsibilities. Slovenian Armed Forces are included in international operations and NATO missions. As an organization for collective self-defence and security cooperation NATO functions under the direction of UN Security Council or at least in coordination with it. Different interventions in cases of crises off the territory of the alliance represent tasks which are not included in Article 5 of the North-Atlantic Treaty. Peacekeeping operations are understood by NATO as part of crisis management. Forces for interventions have been founded and they are in permanent high readiness. Interventions which have taken place off the area of the alliance are also those in Yugoslavia, Iraq, Afghanistan and Libya. NATO interventions, which are not related to collective defence, are not illegal, provided they comply with the decisions of the UN Security Council. The problem of the legality of a NATO intervention appears at those interventions that have no clear mandate of the UN Security Council. The military attacks of NATO in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Afghanistan and Libya were conducted in the framework of UN Security Council resolutions. The armed campaign against Federal Republic of Yugoslavia regarding the situation in Kosovo had no mandate of UN Security Council. And the help of NATO forces to Macedonia at the disarmament of the Liberation Army of Kosovo and groups of Albanian extremists as well had no basis in the Security Council mandate. The invasion of Iraq by the USA and the UK had no prior approval of UN Security Council. In this case NATO as an organization had no role in the decision about the carrying out of the attack; it was not supported by some alliance members. Additional protection of Turkey in case of possible Iraqi air strikes was not approved by North-Atlantic Council, which is the highest political body for making decisions and consultation in NATO, because three al
Keywords:NATO, NATO BODIES, NEW STRATEGIC CONCEPT (NSC), MILITARY OPERATIONS, PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS, UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS


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