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Title:SOJENJE HRVAŠKIMA GENERALOMA ANTEJU GOTOVINI IN MLADENU MARKAČU PRED MEDNARODNIM KAZENSKIM SODIŠČEM ZA NEKDANJO JUGOSLAVIJO
Authors:ID Kapler, Denis (Author)
ID Tratnik, Matjaž (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf UNI_Kapler_Denis_2013.pdf (566,52 KB)
MD5: AB6992577053684E345964E340F5DBBF
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/453c4a0b-a039-4ef1-8b5b-acfbf87c5056
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Undergraduate thesis
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:V diplomskem delu z naslovom Sojenje hrvaškima generaloma, Anteju Gotovini in Mladenu Markaču, pred Mednarodnim kazenskim sodiščem za nekdanjo Jugoslavijo, je predstavljena prvostopenjska obsodilna in drugostopenjska oprostilna sodba. Sodbi se nanašata na operacijo »Nevihta«, katero so izvedle hrvaške sile, med julijem in septembrom 1995, na območju srbske Krajine. V prvih dveh delih diplomske naloge predstavimo Mednarodno kazensko sodišče za nekdanjo Jugoslavijo. Podrobneje govorimo o ustanovitvi in pravni podlagi za njegovo delovanje. Nadalje predstavimo razvoj kazenske odgovornosti poveljnikov v primeru kršitev določb mednarodnega prava. V naslednjih treh delih diplomske naloge govorimo o operacijah »Blisk« in »Nevihta«. Zato v nadaljevanju predstavimo generale, kateri so imeli ključno vlogo pri organizaciji in izvedbi omenjenih operacij. Omenjeni generali so bili Ante Gotovina, Ivan Čermak in Mladen Markač. Šesti del diplomske naloge govori o sojenju na prvi stopnji. V tem delu diplomske naloge so v časovnem zaporedju navedene obtožnice, ter podrobneje je opisana zadnja spremenjena in združena obtožnica IT-06-90-PT. V zvezi z dokaznim postopkom je opisan Brionski sestanek, ki so se ga udeležili visoki predstavniki hrvaškega vojaškega in političnega vodstva. V zvezi z dokazovanjem na prvi stopnji je navedenih tudi nekaj primerov zaslišanja prič. Nadalje podrobneje govorimo o skupnem hudodelskem podvigu (ang. joint criminal enterprise). Gre za obliko udeležbe, ki jo je prvostopenjski senat za obdolžence določil v obsodilni sodbi. Ante Gotovina in Mladen Markač sta bila spoznan za kriva na podlagi prve in tretje oblike skupnega hudodelskega podviga, za tretje obdolženega Ivana Čermaka pa je senat ugotovil, da ni bil član skupnega hudodelskega podviga, saj s svojimi ravnanji ni bistveno prispeval k izvrševanju skupnega namena. V sedmem delu naloge predstavljamo sojenje na drugi stopnji. V tem delu naloge omenimo razloge, ki so privedli do spremembe odločitve pritožbenega senata. Največ pozornosti namenimo odločitvi o zakonitosti topniškega obstreljevanja Knina, Benkovca, Obrovca in Gračca. Pritožbeni senat je namreč odločil, da prvostopenjski senat ni z zadostno mero obrazložil, kako je prišel do stališča, da prav razdalja 200 metrov od morebitne dopustne topniške tarče predstavlja najvišjo mejo napake topniškega orožja. Odločitev o zakonitosti topniškega obstreljevanja je imela tudi pomemben vpliv na spremembo odločitve glede odgovornosti na podlagi skupnega hudodelskega podviga. V zaključku diplomske naloge spregovorimo še o razlogih za spremembo odločitve pritožbenega senata glede obstoja poveljniške odgovornosti in o odklonilnem ločenem mnenju sodnikov Fausta Pocarja in Carmela Agiusa.
Keywords:Mednarodno kazensko sodišče za nekdanjo Jugoslavijo, Ante Gotovina, Mladen Markač, skupni hudodelski podvig, poveljniška odgovornost, standard 200 metrov, topniško obstreljevanje.
Place of publishing:Maribor
Publisher:[D. Kapler]
Year of publishing:2013
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-40192 New window
UDC:341.4(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:4526891 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:FEZYBNRN
Publication date in DKUM:24.04.2013
Views:2182
Downloads:322
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:PF
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:THE TRIAL OF THE CROATIAN GENERALS ANTE GOTOVINA AND MLADEN MARKAC BEFORE THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA
Abstract:The diploma work presents the issue of the trial of Ante Gotovina and Mladen Markač as tribunal convicts. Trial Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia executed their conviction (first degree) and the decision of acquittal (second degree). The verdicts are connected to the charges of crimes against humanity and violations of the laws or customs of war committed by the Croatian forces during the Operation Storm military campaign between July and September 1995 in the Krajina region. The first two parts of the diploma work present the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. The establishment and the legal foundation of it's function is described in details. Further on, the development of superior responsibilities of the mentioned convicts is presented. The next three parts of the diploma work discuss the issue of the Operation Thunder and the Operation Storm. Therefore, in addition, three generals that played the mayor role in the organization and executions of the mentioned operations are presented. The generals were Ante Gotovina, Ivan Čermak and Mladen Markač. The sixth part of the diploma work presents the first-degree trial. The amended joinder indictment IT-06-90-PT is descibed in details in this part of the diploma work and the other indictments are listed according to their date. In connection to this, the Brioni meeting is described where the Croatian military and political leaders were also present. Moreover, some cases of witness interrogations are mentioned. Additionally, the joint criminal enterprise is discussed about, a legal doctrine of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia to prosecute political and military leaders for mass war crimes. Ante Gotovina and Mladen Markač were convicted of persecution, deportation, plunder, wanton destruction, two counts of murder, inhumane acts and cruel treatment. With regard to Ivan Čermak, the Chamber found that he did not have effective control over Croatian army units outside of his own subordinates at the garrison, furthermore, evidence presented did not establish that Čermak was a member of the joint criminal enterprise or that he intentionally or significantly contributed to it. In the part seven of the diploma work, the second-degree trial is presented. We discuss the reasons that led to the judgements of the Chamber. The main focus is on the artillery attacks on Knin, Benkovac, Obrovac and Gračac. The Trial Chamber’s finding that the artillery attacks on the four towns were unlawful was heavily premised on its analysis of individual impact sites within the four towns. This Impact Analysis was in turn based on the Trial Chamber’s finding a 200 metre range of error for artillery projectiles fired at the mentioned towns. The Appeals Chamber unanimously holds that the Trial Chamber erred in deriving the 200 Metre Standard. It is important to note that the issue of the mentioned artillery attacks influenced on the fact who was mostly responsible for the joint criminal enterprise. In the conclusion of the diploma work, the reason for the changes in judgements of the Appeals Chamber according to superior responsibility are described and different opinions of Judge Agius and Judge Pocar are presented.
Keywords:The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, Ante Gotovina, Mladen Markač, joint criminal enterprise, 200 Metre Standard, artillery attack.


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