PRAVNI PROBLEMI V ZVEZI Z ODSOTNOSTJO Z DELA ZARADI ZDRAVSTVENIH RAZLOGOV

Gašparič, Maja

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Title:	PRAVNI PROBLEMI V ZVEZI Z ODSOTNOSTJO Z DELA ZARADI ZDRAVSTVENIH RAZLOGOV
Authors:	ID Gašparič, Maja (Author) ID SENČUR PEČEK, DARJA (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	UNI_Gasparic_Maja_2013.pdf (411,83 KB) MD5: 622E0C4C9BFD77F2BD5660DD26F224F7
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Undergraduate thesis
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:	Odsotnost z dela zaradi zdravstvenih razlogov ali zdravstveni absentizem v Sloveniji predstavlja problematiko, ki zahteva celovito sistemsko zakonodajno ureditev delovnopravnega in zdravstvenega področja. Zaradi nejasne zakonodajne ureditve Slovenija beleži visok delež števila izgubljenih delovnih dni za čas začasne zadržanosti od dela zaradi zdravstvenih razlogov ter visoko višino sredstev, ki se jih namenja za nadomestila plač za čas začasne zadržanosti od dela. Na potrebne zakonodajne spremembe opozarjajo predvsem delodajalske organizacije in združenja, kot je Gospodarska zbornica Slovenije, sindikati in izvajalci zdravstvenih storitev, veliko vlogo pa ima pri tem tudi Zavod za zdravstveno zavarovanje Slovenije. Pravice in obveznosti delodajalcev in delavcev oziroma zavarovancev so velikokrat določene le na splošno. Pri nadzoru in zlorabi bolniškega staleža bi bilo nujno potrebno urediti zakonodajo s točno določenimi in specifično opredeljenimi pojmi glede pravic in obveznosti, odpraviti pa bi bilo potrebno tudi pomanjkljivosti upravnega postopka pri postopku v zvezi s priznavanjem odsotnosti z dela. Nedoločene pojme in nejasna navodila vsebujejo tudi navodila o ravnanju v času začasne zadržanosti od dela, ki jih dobi zavarovanec v času bolniškega staleža. Urejene in točno določene smernice tega področja so nujno potrebne za enotno delo zdravnikov in pravilno interpretacijo navodil o ravnanju. Pogostost zlorab bolniškega staleža je visoka zaradi omejene možnosti kontrole in oteženega dokazovanja ugotovljenih primerov zlorab. Predvsem se za ureditev tega področja zavzemajo delodajalske organizacije. Nadzor bolniškega staleža je mogoč tako s strani Zavoda za zdravstveno zavarovanje Slovenije, kot s strani delodajalca, vendar se obe strani soočata z nejasno zakonodajno ureditvijo in neučinkovitimi ter neznatnimi sankcijami v primeru dokazane zlorabe, saj ima Zavod za zdravstveno zavarovanje Slovenije na voljo le sankcijo zadržanja nadomestila plače za čas, ko se je ugotovila zloraba. S pomočjo sodne prakse lahko povzamemo razlago zakonsko določenih pojmov in podane ugotovitve sodišč so primerne smernice za pojasnitev nejasnosti zakonsko določenih pojmov. S primeri dobre prakse pa dobimo vpogled v dejanski prikaz problematike zdravstvenega absentizma in prikaz ukrepov ter aktivnosti za izboljšanje razmer in zmanjševanja zdravstvenega absentizma. S pomočjo poročil podjetij, ki jim kljub pomanjkljivi zakonodaji uspeva reševati problematiko bolniške odsotnosti, se lahko pripravi smernice za spremembo zakonodaje. V okviru primerjave ureditve odsotnosti z dela zaradi zdravstvenih razlogov držav članic Evropske Unije in Slovenije, pa lahko razberemo, da so možnosti urejanja tega področja zelo raznolike in da bi lahko Slovenija povzela v svojo zakonodajo katero od ureditev države članice Evropske unije, ki je uspešna pri obvladovanju problematike zdravstvenega absentizma. S primerjavo se dokazuje, da je možnosti drugačne ureditve veliko in da do cilja ne vodi le ena pot. Problematika zdravstvenega absentizma v Sloveniji ni nerešljiva, bila bi pa tudi glede na trenutne slabe finančne razmere v državi nujno potrebna.
Keywords:	odsotnost z dela zaradi zdravstvenih razlogov - zdravstveni absentizem – bolniška odsotnost – bolniški stalež – nadomestilo plače – zloraba bolniškega staleža – nadzor bolniškega staleža – primeri dobre prakse
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Publisher:	[M. Gašparič]
Year of publishing:	2013
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-41103
UDC:	349.22(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	4554539
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:TRZ8JXWB
Publication date in DKUM:	28.08.2013
Views:	3114
Downloads:	448
Metadata:
Categories:	PF
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Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	LEGAL ISSUES RELATING TO ABSENCE FROM WORK FOR HEALTH REASONS
Abstract:	Absence from work due to health reasons or medical absenteeism in Slovenia represents a problem that requires a comprehensive systemic regulation by labor and health sector. Due to lack of regulatory regime Slovenia recorded a high proportion of the number of working days lost during the period of absence from work due to health reasons and the high level of resources to be allocated for salaries of employees of temporary absence from work. On the legislative changes needed to point out in particular employers organizations, trade associations and chambers, trade unions and health care providers, a major role to play in this has the Health Insurance Institute of Slovenia. The rights and obligations of employers and workers and beneficiaries are often defined only in general terms. In the control and abuse of sick leave it would be necessary to regulate the law to specific and defined specific terms of the rights and obligations abolished, it would be also necessary to overcome the shortcomings of the administrative procedure regarding the recognition of absence from work. Undefined notions and vague instructions also includes instructions on handling on the treatments during temporary absence from work by the insured during the period of sick leave. Organized and precise guidance in this area are urgently needed for a single work of doctors and the correct interpretation of instructions on handling on the treatments. The frequency of abuse of sick leave is high because of the limited possibilities of control and difficulty in proving the identified cases of abuse. Primarly to regulate this area occupy employers organizations. Control of sick leave is possible by both the Health Insurance Institute of Slovenia, as by the employer, but the two sides face inadequate regulatory regime and inefficient and minor penalties in the event of proven abuse, as the Health Insurance Institute of Slovenia has only available sanction of detention wage for the time that found to be abusing. With the help of case law it can be summarized interpretation of the statutory terms and given the findings of the courts are appropriate guidelines to clarify certain vague of legal concepts. The examples of good practice give insight into the actual show of health problems of absenteeism and summarizes actions and activities to improve the situation and reduce health related absenteeism. With reports of the companies that are thriving despite the lack of legislation to solve the problems of sick leave may draw up guidelines for legislative change. The comparison of the arrangement of absence from work due to health reasons, the Member States of the European Union and Slovenia, it can be seen that the regulation options in this area is very diverse and that Slovenia could summarize in their own legislation any of the rules of the Member States of the European Union, which has been successful in management of health related absenteeism problem. The comparison shows that there are many possibilities of a different arrangements and not only one way leads to the goal. The issue of health related absenteeism in Slovenia is not unsolvable, it would be as well urgently needed according to the current poor financial situation in the country.
Keywords:	absence from work due to health reasons - absenteeism due to illness - sickness absence – wage compensation- abuse of sickness absence- sickness absence control - examples of good practice

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