RAZVOJ USTAVNOSTI NA POLJSKEM

Novak, Tine

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Title:	RAZVOJ USTAVNOSTI NA POLJSKEM
Authors:	ID Novak, Tine (Author) ID Holcman, Borut (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	UNI_Novak_Tine_2013.pdf (218,47 KB) MD5: 3BF811072765E9802C28DADB882D717D
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Undergraduate thesis
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:	Korenine Poljske bogate, edinstvene ustavne dediščine segajo že v trinajsto stoletje. Več stoletij se je poljska država razvijala v smeri bolj decentralizirane politične strukture, katere končni rezultat je bil oblikovanje ustave leta 1791, kar Poljsko uvršča na drugo mesto med državami v svetovni zgodovini, ki so sprejele pisno ustavo. Dva tragična zgodovinska dogodka sta prekinila razvoj poljske ustavnosti. In sicer 123-letno delitev Poljske s strani ruskega imperija, Prusije in Avstro-Ogrske, ter novejše okupacije Poljske s strani nacistične Nemčije in Sovjetske zveze. Pod sovjetsko okupacijo so na Poljskem leta 1952 sprejeli ustavo, ki je formalno zagovarjala demokratična načela, dejansko pa je bila nesmiseln dokument, kajti v praksi je vladajoča komunistična partija ni upoštevala. Pretežni del štirideset letne komunistične vladavine ni bila ustava dokument, ki bi krojil poljsko politično usodo, ampak je bil to partijski program. V osemdesetih letih 20. stoletja je priljubljeno gibanje postopoma doseglo ustavne spremembe po zahodnem demokratičnem smislu, kar je pomenilo začetek konca poljske komunistične ustavne prakse. Po letu 1989, se je na Poljsko še enkrat vrnil ustavni red, demokratične ustavne uredbe so počasi začele nadomeščati komunistični politični ustroj vzpostavljen leta 1952. Prva faza postkomunističnih ustavnih reform se je osredotočila na odpravo bistvenih značilnosti komunističnega sistema in zagotovila podlago za nadaljnji razvoj političnega pluralizma. Medtem, ko je razglasitev povsem novega ustavnega reda v letih 1990-1991 bilo premalo politične volje, je novembra leta 1992 ustavna ureditev, pogovorno znana kot mala ustava, stopila v veljavo. Mala ustava je imela začasni značaj, kljub temu pa je uspešno zagotovila okvir, znotraj katerega so se lahko že povsem nemoteno odvijali demokratični politični procesi, prav tako je zagotovila institucionalno stabilnost, vse do pomladi leta 1997, ko je v veljavo stopil aktualni poljski ustavni red.
Keywords:	Poljska, Mala ustava, poljska ustavnost, prva evropska ustava, demokratični procesi
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Publisher:	[T. Novak]
Year of publishing:	2013
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-41353
UDC:	342(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	4557355
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:CXEJ2XC6
Publication date in DKUM:	05.09.2013
Views:	1687
Downloads:	186
Metadata:
Categories:	PF
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Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	CONSTITUTIONALISM IN POLAND-HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Abstract:	. Polands rich, indigenous constitutional heritage finds its roots in the thirteenth century. For more than centuries, the Polish state evolved toward an increasingly decentralized political structure, culminating in the creation of the 1791 Constitution, the enachmentof wich made Poland the second country in world history to adopt a written constitution. Two tragic historic instances interrupted Polish constitutional development: the 123-year partition of Poland by thge Russian Empire, Prussia and Austria; and the more recent occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany and the USSR. The formal constitution adopted in communist Poland in 1952, while espousing democratic ideals, was a meaningless document in practice ignored by the Polish leadership, the ruling Communist Party. During most of the forty years of communist rule it was not the constitution but Party structures which provided the key to understanding politics and state policy-making. A series of amendments in 1976 made the document even more objectionable to the Polish people because theamendments advocated a unified brotherhood with the Soviet Union. During the 1980s, an unyielding popular movment incrementally achived constitutional change in a Western democratic sense, signifying the beginning of the and of communist constitutional practice. After 1989, as Poland once again returned to constitutional rule, democratic constitutional arrangements replaced communist political structures put in place in 1952. The first stage of post-communist constitutional reform concentrated on amending the 1952 Constitution to eliminate the essential features of the communist system and to provide the basis for further evolution of the polity. While the promulgation of an entirely new constitutional order proved politically impossible in 1990-1, in November 1992 constitutional legislation, colloquially known as the Small Constitution, came into force. The Small Constitution provided both a framework within which democratic political processes would aperatew as well as specific two years of post –communist state, the groundwork laid by the Small Constitution achived genuine institutional stability until a more comprehensove, final constitution could be passed in the spring of 1997.
Keywords:	Poland, Small Constitution, Polish Constitutionalism, First Europe Constitution, Democratic proces

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