RAZVOJ METODOLOGIJE IN POSTOPKOV PROIZVODNJE TRDNIH GORIV IZ ODPADKOV

Ekart, Janez

| | SLO | ENG | Cookies and privacy

Bigger font | Smaller font

First page > Show document

Show document

Title:	RAZVOJ METODOLOGIJE IN POSTOPKOV PROIZVODNJE TRDNIH GORIV IZ ODPADKOV
Authors:	ID Ekart, Janez (Author) ID Samec, Niko (Mentor) More about this mentor... ID Grilc, Viktor (Comentor)
Files:	DR_Ekart_Janez_2013.pdf (4,69 MB) MD5: 10A25166D1C9FE6C85C6C69B4C2B9C0A
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Dissertation
Typology:	2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
Organization:	FS - Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Abstract:	Na področju ravnanja z odpadki smo v zadnjem času priča vse večjim zahtevam za pravilno ravnanje z odpadki, katerih cilj je snovna in energijska izraba odpadkov z minimiziranjem ostanka na odlagališčih. Ostanek odpadkov po razvrščanju, ki ga ni mogoče snovno izrabiti, istočasno pa ga ni dovoljeno odlagati na odlagališča zaradi prevelike energijske vrednosti in vsebnosti skupnega biorazgradljivega ogljika, je po hierarhiji ravnanja z odpadki edina možna rešitev. V doktorski nalogi je bilo v obsegu raziskav izvedenih vrsto laboratorijskih analiz vzorcev frakcij nenevarnih odpadkov in analiz za pripravo referenčnih vzorcev trdnega goriva iz nenevarnih odpadkov. Naloga obsega razvoj uporabe mešalnega modela, s katerim lahko poljubno spreminjamo kakovost trdnega goriva v svojstvu njegovih kemijskih in fizikalnih lastnosti, pri čemer uporabimo iteracijo različnih vzorcev vhodnih odpadnih materialov z določenimi deleži in različnimi kemičnimi in fizikalnimi lastnostmi. Razviti mešalni model omogoča hitre izračune porabe posameznih odpadnih materialov in napoved razvrstitve trdnega goriva na osnovi deležev posameznih odpadnih materialov v kakovostne razrede. Je osnova za določitev približne kakovosti trdnega goriva in posledično razreda trdnega goriva. Hkrati omogoča, da proizvajalec trdnega goriva ugotovi, ali proizvedeno trdno gorivo ustreza zahtevam uporabnika, kar bo v bodoče za proizvajalce trdnih goriv iz odpadkov izjemnega pomena. Z njegovo uporabo so dane možnosti za optimiranje kakovosti trdnih goriv iz razpoložljive mase odpadkov pri proizvajalcu. Priprava vzorcev trdnega goriva in izvedba meritev elementarnih sestavin nekovinskega in kovinskega dela v trdnem gorivu v laboratoriju pred njegovim sežigom ter podatki njihovih emisijskih vrednosti pri zgorevanju v pilotni kurilni napravi so z vidika raziskovanja pomembna ugotovitev, kako pomemben je proces sežiga trdnega goriva pri zadostni zgorevalni temperaturi, zadrževalnem času in prisotnosti kisika ter kakšna je sledljivost kovinskih elementov pri sežigu v plinastem in trdnem agregatnem stanju. Sicer so z vidika obratovalnih parametrov kurilnih naprav najpomembnejši anorganski parametri dušik, klor, fluor in žveplo, medtem ko je z okoljskega vidika zelo pomembna vsebnost težkih kovin v dimnih plinih, še posebno v primeru, ko je trdno gorivo pridobljeno iz odpadkov, namenjeno uporabi v konvencionalnih kurilnih napravah, ki nimajo visoko zmogljivega sistema čiščenja plinov, kot to imajo denimo sežigalnice. Emisijske vrednosti pri sežigu vzorcev trdnega goriva so pokazale sorazmerno veliko prekoračitev skupnega prahu v primerjavi s parametri, ki veljajo za srednje in velike kurilne naprave ter sežigalnice. V primeru sežiga ali sosežiga trdnega goriva je zato nujno potrebna vgradnja sistema za odstranjevanje trdnih delcev. Glavni delež nastalih hlapnih organskih snovi so tvorili vodik, metan in ogljikov monoksid skupaj s primarno nastalim ogljikovim dioksidom, manjši delež pa ogljikovodiki (cca 10%). Z okoljskega in tehnološkega vidika je izjemno pomemben klor, ki na eni strani povzroča tvorbo kislih komponent v emisijah, tehnološko pa je neugoden zaradi korozije v kurilnih napravah, zato je primerna uporaba trdnega goriva z nizko vsebnostjo klora, v nasprotnem primeru pa je nujna dogradnja sistema za čiščenje kislih dimnih plinov. Izmerjene koncentracije polikloriranih dibenzodioksinov in dibenzofuranov dajejo jasno zahtevo za skrbno vodenje procesa zgorevanja trdnih goriv iz odpadkov, in sicer tako da trdno gorivo popolnoma zgori, ter kažejo, da je potrebno proces zgorevanja trdnih goriv iz odpadkov voditi izjemno skrbno, tako da popolnoma zgorijo in da preprečimo njihov nastanek. Pepel od sežiga referenčnih vzorcev trdnega goriva je mogoče brez težav odložiti na odlagališče nenevarnih odpadkov, saj je bila večina analiziranih vrednosti daleč pod mejnimi vrednostmi, ki veljajo za ta odlagališča. Vrednosti izlužkov so dosegle 50% dovoljenih vrednosti. Toplotna moč trdnih goriv iz neneva
Keywords:	vzorčenje odpadkov, odpadki, trdno gorivo, kalorična vrednost, mešalni model, sežig, sosežig, emisije, razredi trdnega goriva, standard
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Publisher:	[J. Ekart]
Year of publishing:	2013
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-41463
UDC:	662.65-68:628.4.08(043.3)
COBISS.SI-ID:	17213206
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:FNME0BYA
Publication date in DKUM:	08.10.2013
Views:	2812
Downloads:	537
Metadata:
Categories:	KTFMB - FS
:	Copy citation

Average score:	(0 votes)
Your score:	Voting is allowed only for logged in users.
Share:

Hover the mouse pointer over a document title to show the abstract or click on the title to get all document metadata.

Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	DEVELOPMENT OF A METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES OF PRODUCTION FROM WASTE SOLID FUELS
Abstract:	In the area of waste management, we have recently witnessed the growing demands for proper waste management, with the aim of material and energy utilization by minimizing residual waste in landfills. Residual waste by classification, which may not be material use, while it can not be disposed of in landfills because of high energy value and the content of total biodegradable fraction of organic carbon in the hierarchy of waste management is the only possible solution. The thesis has been to the extent of research conducted a series of laboratory analysis of samples of fractions of non-hazardous waste for the preparation and analysis of the samples of solid fuel from non-hazardous waste. The task involves the development of the application of the mixing model, which can be arbitrarily changed the quality of solid fuels in their capacity as its chemical and physical properties, using iteration, different patterns of input waste materials with specific interests and different chemical and physical properties. Develop a mixing model allows for quick consumption calculations of individual waste materials classification and prediction of solid fuels on the basis of the individual waste materials into quality classes. It is the basis for determining the approximate quality solid fuel, and consequently class solid fuel. Furthermore, it allows the manufacturer to establish a solid fuel or solid fuel produced meets the requirements of the user, which will be in the future for manufacturers of solid waste fuels are of utmost importance. By using the available options for optimizing the quality of solid fuel from waste mass available from the manufacturer. Preparation of samples of solid fuel, and the measurements of natural non-metallic and metallic components of the solid fuel used in the laboratory prior to its incineration and details of their emission combustion in the pilot combustion plant are important in the light of research findings, how important is the process of combustion of solid fuel combustion in sufficient temperature, residence time and the presence of oxygen and what is the trace metal elements from the burning of gaseous and solid state. Otherwise, in terms of the operating parameters of the combustion device the most important parameters of the inorganic nitrogen, chlorine, fluorine and sulfur, while from the environmental point of view is very important the content of heavy metals in the flue gases, especially in the case where the solid fuel obtained from waste, intended for use in conventional combustion plants which do not have a high-performance gas cleaning system, as they have such incinerators. Emission values from the burning of solid fuel samples showed relatively large overstepping of dust compared to the parameters applicable to medium and large combustion plants and incinerators. In the case of incineration or co-incineration of solid fuels is therefore necessary mounting system for the removal of particulate matter. The main proportion of generated volatile organic substances formed of hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide, together with the primary resultant carbon dioxide, while a smaller share hydrocarbons (approximately 10%). From an environmental and technological point of view is extremely important chlorine, which on the one hand leads to the formation of acidic components in the emissions technology is unfavorable due to corrosion in boilers. Therefore, the appropriate use of solid fuels with a low chlorine content, otherwise it is necessary to clean the outhouse of acidic flue gases. Measured concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans give a clear requirement for prudent management of the process of combustion of solid fuels from waste in such a way that the solid fuel burns completely show that the necessary process of combustion of solid fuels from waste lead very carefully, so as to completely burn and to prevent their formation. The ash from the combustion of the samples of solid fuel can be easily disposed off at landfill for non-hazardous waste, as most
Keywords:	sampling of waste, waste, calorific value, mixing model, incineration, co-incineration, emissions, solid fuel classis, standard

Comments

Leave comment

You must log in to leave a comment.

Comments (0)

0 - 0 / 0

There are no comments!

Back