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Title:Preiskovalne zmote kot posledica spoznavnih predsodkov : diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študija Varnost in policijsko delo
Authors:ID Garbus, Nika (Author)
ID Areh, Igor (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf VS_Garbus_Nika_2014.pdf (633,19 KB)
MD5: 8DA834166DCB158CFACC4B996CE1BF62
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security
Abstract:Diplomska naloga preiskovalne zmote kot posledica spoznavnih predsodkov je sestavljena na teoretični podlagi. Zaradi posledic spoznavnih predsodkov lahko pride do preiskovalnih zmot in kognitivne pristranskosti, ki pa lahko ima resne posledice, primeri ostanejo nerešeni in pravici ni zadoščeno. Vse te zmote pa znajo biti zelo drage, saj neuspešni rezultati stanejo veliko denarja in vsi nerešeni primeri prinesejo kazensko-pravnemu sistemu slab glas. Diplomsko delo je sestavljeno iz treh delov. V prvem delu so predstavljene preiskovalne zmote ter opisane zmote. Pogledamo si posledice preiskovalnih zmot in kaj povzroča, da policisti sploh pridejo do zmotnega mišljenja. Opisane so prednosti ter slabosti kognitivnega pristopa k reševanju preiskovalnih zmot in kako lahko vplivajo kognitivni slogi na preiskovalne zmote. Drugi del diplomske naloge pa je posvečen kognitivni pristranskosti, kognitivnim napakam ter hevristiki. Opisano je, kako zaznavanje in spominske omejitve vplivajo na delo policistov in kriminalistov, zaradi njihovega napačnega spomina pa lahko pride do zmotnega dela. Zaradi tega, ker je težje priklicati stvari iz dolgoročnega spomina, lahko preiskovalci zlahka pozabijo detajle, ki so pomembni za reševanje primerov. Pri reševanju primerov pa sta nam v pomoč tudi intuicija ter hevristika, ki je natančneje opisana. Opisano je tudi, kako vplivata hevristika in pristranskost na delo policistov. Spoznamo tudi vzroke in posledice pristranskosti ter kako pristranskost vpliva na vrednotenju dokazov. Na koncu pa so opisane strategije, kako se lahko policisti oz. kriminalisti lažje izognejo preiskovalnim napakam. Tretji, zadnji del diplome, pa je namenjen predsodkom. Policisti lahko imajo zaradi raznih predsodkov velike probleme pri reševanju primerov, zaradi tega so natančneje opisani in predstavljeni. Opisana je tudi sestava kognitivne strukture predsodkov in njihov izvor.
Keywords:kazniva dejanja, preiskovanje, zmote, preiskovalne zmote, kognitivni pristop, predsodki, zaznavanje, spomin, pristranskost, diplomske naloge
Place of publishing:[Ljubljana
Publisher:N. Garbus]
Year of publishing:2014
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-44783 New window
UDC:159.9:340.6(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:2813418 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:MDJXZHGJ
Publication date in DKUM:02.07.2014
Views:1439
Downloads:233
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:FVV
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Secondary language

Language:English
Abstract:The dissertation “Criminal investigation failures due to cognitive biases” consists of a theoretical basis. Due to consequences of cognitive biases, investigative failures and cognitive partiality may occur, which can lead to serious aftermath. Cases remain unsolved and justice is not served. These failures can be expensive, since unsuccessful results cost a lot of money, and because of unsolved cases the penal system loses its good reputation. The dissertation consists of three parts. In the first part I present the investigative failures and describe the failures itself. I look at the consequences of investigative failures and what causes false thinking of the police in the first place. The pros and cons of the cognitive approach to solving investigative failures and how cognitive styles affect investigative failures are described. The second part of the dissertation focuses on cognitive partiality, cognitive mistakes and heuristic. I describe how perception and memory limitation affect the police’s work. Because of their false memory, errors in their work may occur. Since it is harder to summon information from long term memory, the investigators can easily forget the details needed for solving cases. Heuristic, which I describe as well, is also an important factor in solving cases. I also describe how heuristic and partiality affect the police’s work. We get to know the causes and consequences of partiality, and how partiality affects the valuation of evidence. In the end strategies are described, how the police or rather criminalists can avoid investigative failures. The third and last part of the dissertation focuses on prejudice. The police can have problems in solving cases because of their prejudice. Because of that, I focus on prejudice and describe them. I also wrote how the cognitive structure of prejudice is composed and where the police even get prejudiced.


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