Vpliv gnojenja z dušikovimi gnojili na količino in kakovost pridelka ter vigor jablan sorte 'Gala'

Pišotek, Tomaž

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Title:	Vpliv gnojenja z dušikovimi gnojili na količino in kakovost pridelka ter vigor jablan sorte 'Gala'
Authors:	ID Pišotek, Tomaž (Author) ID Unuk, Tatjana (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	UNI_Pisotek_Tomaz_2014.pdf (251,28 KB) MD5: 55AB51F520EBFCFA109EEE6F364AC97E
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Undergraduate thesis
Organization:	FKBV - Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences
Abstract:	V okviru diplomskega dela smo v letih od 2010 do 2014 izvajali gnojilni poskus na jablanah sorte 'Gala'. Pri tem smo ugotavljali vpliv različnih virov in odmerkov dušika na vigor dreves ter na količino in kakovost pridelka. Poskus je potekal na Univerzitetnem kmetijskem centru Pohorski dvor, v poskusu pa je bilo uporabljenih 5 različnih gnojil; tri mineralnega in dve organskega izvora. Uporabljena dušikova gnojila, ki smo jih aplicirali v odmerku 60 kg in 120 kg N/ha so bila Kan, Urea, apneni dušik, Biosol in Plantella Organik. Za primerjavo rezultatov je bilo vključeno še obravnavanje kontrola, kjer gnojil nismo uporabljali. V četrtem letu poskusa (leto 2013) smo ugotovili, da je imel vir dušika (organski oziroma mineralni) v danih rastnih razmerah odločilen vpliv na prirast debla ter trdoto mesa plodov. V tem letu je uporaba mineralnih gnojil, v primerjavi z drevesi v kontroli za trikrat ter v primerjavi z drevesi, pognojenimi z organskimi gnojili za dvakrat povečala prirast debel ter hkrati pozitivno vplivala na trdoto mesa plodov. Uporaba večjega odmerka dušika (120 kg/ha), ni imela pozitivnega vpliva na rast (razen pri uporabi gnojila Urea), rodnost in kakovost pridelka. Z vidika količine in kakovosti pridelka, se je v četrtem letu gnojilnega poskusa kot najprimernejše pokazalo gnojenje s 60 kg N/ha organskega gnojila Plantella Organik. Iz podatkov za vsa štiri leta gnojilnega poskusa je razvidno, da uporaba mineralnega dušika (Urea, Kan) občutno poveča bujnost rasti, medtem ko uporaba organskih gnojil ter mineralnega gnojila apneni dušik nima teh posledic. Hkrati uporaba dušikovih gnojil ni imela nikakršnega vpliva na količino pridelka (razen 60 kg N/ha gnojila Plantella Organik). Vsakršno povečanje bujnosti rasti je imelo za posledico zmanjšanje količine pridelka.
Keywords:	jablana, 'Gala', dušik, gnojenje, pridelek, rast
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Year of publishing:	2014
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-46178
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:UZ3ULJRW
Publication date in DKUM:	26.09.2014
Views:	2620
Downloads:	283
Metadata:
Categories:	FKBV
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Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	The effects of fertilisation with nitrogen fertilisers on quantity and quality od yield and vigour of 'Gala' apple trees
Abstract:	As a part of this diploma thesis, we have conducted experiments on fertilisation of Gala apple trees in years 2010 to 2014. We were determining the effect of nitrogen from different sources and in different rates on tree vigour and quantity and quality of yield. The experiment took place in the University agricultural centre Pohorski dvor and five different fertilisers were used in the experiment, three of mineral and two of organic origin. We used the nitrogen fertilisers Kan, Urea, calcium cyanamide, Biosol and Plantella Organik, which were applied in rates of 60 kg and 120 kg N/ha. To compare the results, we included an additional control group on which no fertilisers have been used. In the fourth year of the experiment in 2013, we have established that in the given circumstances the nitrogen sources (organic or mineral) have a decisive effect on the growth of tree trunks and positively affect the hardness of flesh in the fruits. In the same year, the use of mineral fertilisers had tripled the growth of trunks compared to trees in the control and doubled the growth compared to trees with organic fertilisers and simultaneously positively affected the hardness of flesh in the fruits. Applying a bigger quantity of nitrogen at a rate of 120 kg/ha did not have a positive effect on growth, fruitfulness and quality of yield with the exception of Urea fertiliser. Considering the quantity and quality of yield, the fertilising experiment demonstrated in the fourth year that the fertilisation with the Platella Organik organic fertiliser at a rate of 60 kg N/ha was the most appropriate. The data of all four years clearly demonstrate that the use of Urea or Kan mineral nitrogen considerably increases the growth, while the use of organic fertilisers and mineral fertiliser calcium cyanamide does not produce the same results. The use of nitrogen fertilisers did not have any effect on the yield quantity with the exception of Plantella Organik fertiliser in a rate of 60 kg N/ha. Any increase of growth resulted in a decrease of yield quantity.
Keywords:	apple tree, 'Gala', nitrogen, fertilisation, yield, growth

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