Poznosezonska bera pri domači čebeli (Apis mellifera) in pri čmrljih (Bombus)

Törnar, Tadej

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Title:	Poznosezonska bera pri domači čebeli (Apis mellifera) in pri čmrljih (Bombus)
Authors:	ID Törnar, Tadej (Author) ID Devetak, Dušan (Mentor) More about this mentor... ID Bakan, Branko (Comentor)
Files:	UN_Tornar_Tadej_2015.pdf (3,15 MB) MD5: DE86CC64DDFFF87C432786227A87DF34
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Undergraduate thesis
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	FNM - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
Abstract:	Najpogostejši opraševalci žužkocvetnih rastlin so domače čebele (Apis mellifera), ki jih navadno gojimo v panjih. Zelo pomembni in ogroženi opraševalci žužkocvetnih rastlin so tudi čmrlji (Bombus). Čebele in čmrlji skozi leto nabirajo nektar, pelod ter nekatere rastlinske izločke, ki vsebujejo sladkorje, kot hrano za odrasle osebke kot tudi za zarod ter za preživetje celotne čebelje kolonije v dolgotrajnejših zimskih obdobjih. Vsak med nima hranilne vrednosti oz. je za čebele kot hrana včasih nedostopen. Naravni med lahko pod določenimi pogoji kristalizira, nekatere vrste prej, druge pozneje in ga v taki obliki čebele ne morejo zaužiti. Tako lahko čebele pozimi stradajo, kljub obilici nabranih zalog hrane. Zato je za obstoj čebelje kolonije izjemnega pomena kakšen tip medičine čebele delavke naberejo v pozni vegetacijski sezoni. V pozni vegetacijski sezoni opraševalci nimajo veliko možnosti za nabiranje zimske zaloge hrane. Zato se v tem obdobju čebelarji zanašajo na obilno cvetenje nekaterih rastlinskih vrst, ki pa so z naravovarstvenega vidika lahko zelo problematične. Pri tem imamo v mislih invazivne tujerodne vrste. V poznem letnem času za čebele pomemben vir hrane predstavljajo tudi nekatere kultivirane vrste. Pri poznosezonskih vrstah pa se lahko dogaja, da med takih rastlin hitro kristalizira in je s tem neprimeren za zimsko zalogo hrane čebelam. Mnoge invazivne vrste, kot sta žlezava nedotika in orjaška zlata rozga, izrazito siromašita biodiverziteto tako na ravni flore kot tudi habitatov. Ker pa gre za pomemben vir hrane za čebele in čmrlje, želimo v tej nalogi ugotoviti, katero rastlinsko vrsto čebele in čmrlji v poznem jesenskem času najpogosteje obiskujejo. Prav tako nas je zanimalo, ali čebele in čmrlji raje nabirajo hrano na gozdnih ali na odprtih površinah. Popisi čebel in čmrljev so se izvajali na štirih različnih lokalitetah ob treh različnih dnevnih časih (dopoldne, opoldne in popoldne). Ker so tudi čmrlji pomembni opraševalci v našem okolju, smo v našo študijo vključili tudi te vrste. Evidentiranih je bilo sedem vrst čmrljev na območju popisov, ki smo jih v tej študiji tudi podrobneje predstavili.
Keywords:	domača čebela, Apis mellifera, čmrlji, Bombus, orjaška zlata rozga, žlezava nedotika, ajda, bršljan, opraševalci, med, poznosezonska bera, invazivne tujerodne rastline
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Publisher:	[T. Törnar]
Year of publishing:	2015
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-47671-7e4733c6-8d69-769f-147d-2fb2041b7ca7
UDC:	595.799(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	21316616
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:DNQCM5NJ
Publication date in DKUM:	21.04.2015
Views:	1937
Downloads:	210
Metadata:
Categories:	FNM
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Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	Late season foraging of honeybees (Apis mellifera) and bumblebees (Bombus)
Abstract:	The most common pollinators of entomophilic plants are honey bees (Apis mellifera), which are usually kept in beehives. Other very important pollinators of entomophilic plants are the endangered bumblebees (Bombus). Honey bees and bumblebees gather plant nectar, pollen and some other plant secrets that contain sugars as food for themselves and other adult specimens, feeding their brood and as supply for long lasting winter period. This activity of honey bees has been for centuries advantageously exploited by humans for their own benefit. By removing the honey from bee hives humans take away food supplies for the winter, so honey bee workers are instinctively forced to gather new supplies, and that lowers their vitality. But all honey does not have nutritional value, so it is sometimes inaccessible for honey bees as food. Natural honey can crystallize under certain conditions, some types sooner than others, so honey bees can not consume it. So, bees can suffer hunger while the honey supplies are still rich. It is therefore very important for the existence of honey bee colonies what type of nectar they gather in the late vegetative season. In the late vegetative season pollinators do not have much choice to collect food for winter, because there is lack of blooming plants and temperatures are usualy lower, which affects the flying out of the bees from the hives. In this period beekeepers rely on the abundant blooming of some plant species, which are problematic from the conservational point of view. We are talking about invasive non-native species. Important source of food in this time of the year are also some cultivated plant species. There are also some other late blooming plants that provide an abundance of honey pasture in our region. However, sometimes honey crystallizes quickly and is consequently not suitable for storing for winter food supply. Some plant species represent certain problem in terms of environmental preservation because they significantly impover the biodiversity of the flora and habitats. But they are important source of food for bumblebees and honey bees therefore we want to investigate which plants are more frequently visited by those species during the late season. We also wanted to know whether honey bees and bumblebees prefer to collect food in woodland or in open-land areas. The data on honey bees and bumblebees was collected in four different locations where invasive plants were also determined, and in three different day periods, in the morning, at noon, and in the afternoon. Bumblebees are important pollinators in our environment but they are becoming more and more endangered because of the changes in the environment. We have observed and collected the data on seven (7) species of bumblebees which are described in this graduation thesis.
Keywords:	honey bee, Apis mellifera, bumblebee, Bombus, tall goldenrod, tuch-me-not, buckwheat, poison ivy, pollinators, honey, late vegetative season, invasive non-native plants

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