»MATER SEMPER CERTA EST; PATER EST, QUEM NUPTIAE DEMONSTRANT« – ALI JE ČAS ZA SPREMEMBO?

Truntič, Tadeja

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Title:	»MATER SEMPER CERTA EST; PATER EST, QUEM NUPTIAE DEMONSTRANT« – ALI JE ČAS ZA SPREMEMBO?
Authors:	ID Truntič, Tadeja (Author) ID Kraljić, Suzana (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	UN_Truntic_Tadeja_2015.pdf (902,21 KB) MD5: 5A87A38352EB1B10B9DE626E301697BD
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Undergraduate thesis
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:	V diplomskem delu se ukvarjamo z vprašanjem, ali definiciji očetovstva in materinstva, ki izhajata iz rimskega prava, še odražata dejansko stanje v družbi. Obe domnevi sta zakoreninjeni v našem pravnem sistemu z rimskim načelom »mater semper certa est; pater est, quem nuptiae demonstrant«. Iz tega načela izhaja, da je materin mož oče njenega otroka ter da je mati otroka ženska, ki je otroka rodila. S pomembnimi znanstvenimi napredki na področju medicine, kot sta DNK analiza in biomedicinska pomoč pri oploditvi, sta tako zastavljeni pravni domnevi postali zastareli. Razvoj DNK analize v 80. letih prejšnjega stoletja postavlja domnevo očetovstva pod vprašaj. Od takrat se uporaba DNK testov očetovstva strmo povečuje, rezultati pa kažejo na znaten razkorak med domnevo očetovstva in dejanskim stanjem v družbi. Posebej problematično je dejstvo, da se domneva očetovstva razteza tudi na čas 300 dni po prenehanju zakonske zveze, neodvisno od razloga prenehanja zakonske zveze. Razen v primeru, če je zakonska zveza prenehala zaradi nenadne smrti moža, je malo verjetno, da je v primeru prenehanja zakonske zveze, ki je temeljila na svobodni volji vsaj enega izmed zakoncev (razveza), nekdanji mož matere tudi biološki oče otroka, rojenega v času 300 dni po prenehanju zakonske zveze. V tem primeru je domneva očetovstva vprašljiva. Večina tujih pravih redov je iz tega razloga spremenila dikcijo pravne domneve očetovstva, čemur bi morali slediti tudi naši zakonodajalci. Na področju materinstva se srečamo z drugačno situacijo. Pomen izraza »mati« ni več tako jasen, kot je bil v preteklosti. Z napredkom medicine in biomedicinske pomoči pri oploditvi se srečamo z novimi dimenzijami koncepta materinstva, ki predstavljajo zakonodajalcem poseben izziv, ko se ukvarjajo z vprašanjem ureditve tega področja. Otrok, rojen s pomočjo reproduktivnih metod, ima lahko namreč tudi do tri matere – genetično, gestacijsko in socialno mati. Raznolikost materinskih vlog pride še posebej do izraza pri nadomestnem materinstvu. V diplomskem delu zagovarjamo stališče, da je prišel čas, da se odmaknemo od pravne definicije materinstva, ki temelji na pravni domnevi ter priznamo različne oblike materinstva. Pravo mora slediti napredku in medicinski znanosti ter spreminjajoči naravi materinstva. Navedeno jasno kaže na to, da je ponovna presoja tradicionalne definicije starševstva neizbežna.
Keywords:	družinsko pravo, pravna domneva, domneva očetovstva, domneva materinstva, oploditev z biomedicinsko pomočjo, nadomestno materinstvo.
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Publisher:	[T. Truntič]
Year of publishing:	2015
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-47806
UDC:	347.61./64(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	4898347
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:Z4V6SBKZ
Publication date in DKUM:	03.06.2015
Views:	2487
Downloads:	318
Metadata:
Categories:	PF
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Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	»MATER SEMPER CERTA EST; PATER EST, QUEM NUPTIAE DEMONSTRANT« – IS IT TIME FOR CHANGE?
Abstract:	The thesis will question, whether the definition of father and mother, based on a presumption of Roman law, still reflects the social reality. Both presumptions still remain rooted in our legal system with the Roman law principle »mater semper certa est; pater est, quem nuptiae demonstrant«, which states that the mother's husband is the father of her child and the mother is a woman, who gives birth to a child. However, this old presumption is outdated, since there has been significant scientific advancement in the fields of medicine, like DNA testing and assisted reproduction. With the development of DNA analysis in the 80's the legal presumption of paternity is challenged. Since then, the use of DNA paternity testing has been increasing rapidly, with the results that show certain breach between marital paternity presumption and reality. The other problem is that presumption of paternity extends to the time of 300 days after the termination of marriage, regardless of the reason of termination. Unless the marriage ended because of the sudden death of the husband, it is highly unlikely, that in the case of termination of marriage, which was based on free will (divorce), the ex husband would be the biological father of the child, born in 300 days after the termination of marriage. In this case, the presumption of paternity is questionable. Most foreign legal systems have altered this presumption, which is why I think our legislator has to follow the same path. On the other hand, in the field of motherhood, the term »mother« is not as clear as it used to be. With the developing medicine and assisted reproduction, we come across new dimensions of the concept of motherhood. This requires a unique approach to motherhood, because a child, born with the help of reproductive medicine can have up to three mothers – a genetic, gestational and a social mother. Various mother roles may arise most obviously in the context of surrogacy. This thesis will argue that time has come to move away from a legal definition of mother that is based on presumption to one that recognises the different forms of motherhood. Law has to keep pace with advances in medical science and the changing nature and diversity of motherhood. Regarding to all mentioned above the traditional definition of parenthood needs to be reevaluated.
Keywords:	family law, legal presumption, presumption of paternity, presumption of maternity, assisted reproduction, surrogacy.

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