TRGOVINA Z OTROKI S POUDARKOM NA NAJBOLJ KRITIČNIH PODROČJIH SVETA

Pertinač, Ksenja

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Title:	TRGOVINA Z OTROKI S POUDARKOM NA NAJBOLJ KRITIČNIH PODROČJIH SVETA
Authors:	ID Pertinač, Ksenja (Author) ID Kraljić, Suzana (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	MAG_Pertinac_Ksenja_2015.pdf (659,83 KB) MD5: 16BFAFE8941F77882B54A3B2CAC15CF1
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Master's thesis/paper
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:	Trgovina z otroki je pojav, ki je prisoten na vseh celinah, v vseh državah sveta. Ne gre za obliko izkoriščanja, ki je prisotna le v revnih državah, kjer je varstvo človekovih pravic vse prej kot prioriteta. Osebe, ki so žrtve trgovine z ljudmi, so ponavadi rekrutirane v revnejših državah, njihova končna destinacija pa je razviti svet. Podatki kažejo, da je v vsakem trenutku na svetu več kot 2 milijona žrtev trgovine z ljudmi, od tega je največ žensk in vsaj tretjina otrok. Eden glavnih problemov tega izkoriščanja je sama vsebina pojma trgovine z ljudmi oziroma otroki. Gre za izredno širok pojem, ki po zaslugi Mednarodne organizacije dela in njenih aktov sedaj vsebuje tudi prisilno delo, poleg že rednih oblik. Slednje so sicer spolno izkoriščanje, otroci za namen mednarodnih posvojitev, za prodajo človeških organov in druge skrajne oblike izkoriščanja ljudi. Ker je pojem javnosti dokaj neznan oziroma ne poznajo vsebine do popolnosti, so na svetu območja kot sta na primer Turčija in Filipini, kjer se prisilno delo otrok dogaja vsem na očem, a tega nihče ne prijavi ali kako drugače moralizira, ker se jim zdi to povsem normalen način odraščanja. Najbolj zaskrbljujoče je to, da tudi žrtve same velikokrat ne vedo, da so pravzaprav žrtve, saj je njihovo početje del tradicije, »ki ga mora enkrat v življenju vsak dati skozi«. Kljub temu, da je trgovina z otroki pojav, ki ga lahko zasledimo vsepovsod, so na svetu še vseeno območja oziroma države, kjer so ta izkoriščanja otrok še posebej zaskrbljujoča in nečloveška oziroma se pojavljajo v zelo obširnih oblikah. Tu je govora predvsem o Turčiji, Nepalu, Ekvadorju, o problematičnem celotnem jugu in jugovzhodu Azije ter o Srednji Ameriki. Tako je trgovina z otroki izredno kompleksen pojav, ki ga je potrebno kot takega tudi reševati. Največ lahko na tem področju naredimo z izobraževanjem ljudi. Na vseh stopnjah šolanja in obveščanja javnosti je potrebno ljudem jasno povedati, kakšna je pravzaprav vsebina pojma trgovine z otroki, da tu ne gre le za klasične oblike, ampak lahko tudi za delo otrok, ki je v skladu z običaji in tradicijo neke države. Le če bo javnost prepoznala neko obliko kot izkoriščanje, jo bo namreč lahko prijavila in šele takrat bo država lahko tudi ustrezno ukrepala. Da pa lahko država ustrezno ukrepa, mora imeti to področje natančno pravno urejeno, prav tako je potrebno, da države ratificirajo vse mednarodne pogodbe, ki jih na tem področju sprejmeta Mednarodna organizacija dela in Organizacija združenih narodov . Slednji namreč sprejemata akte za varstvo otrok pred vsemi oblikami izkoriščanja. Svetovna javnost mora zato pritisniti na vse države, ki teh aktov še niso ratificirale, saj bo le tako boj proti iznajdljivim trgovcem z ljudmi in otroki lahko uspešen.
Keywords:	trgovina z ljudmi, spolno izkoriščanje otrok, prisilno delo otrok, Konvencije MOD o prepovedi najhujših oblik dela otrok in takojšnjem ukrepanju za njihovo odpravo
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Publisher:	[K. Pertinač]
Year of publishing:	2015
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-54504
UDC:	343.627(043.3)
COBISS.SI-ID:	5036075
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:NDKRGIFM
Publication date in DKUM:	12.04.2016
Views:	2269
Downloads:	304
Metadata:
Categories:	PF
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Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	TRAFFICKING OF CHILDREN FOCUSING ON THE MOST CRITICAL AREAS OF THE WORLD
Abstract:	Child trafficking is a phenomenon that is present on all continents, in all countries of the world. It is not a form of exploitation, which is present only in the poor countries where human rights protection is far from a priority. Persons who are victims of human trafficking are usually recruited in poorer countries, while their final distillation is the developed world. Data show that in every moment there is more than 2 million victims of human trafficking in the world, of which more than half are women and at least one third are children. One of the main problems of this form of exploitation is the content of the concept of trafficking in human beings and children. It is a very broad concept which, thanks to the International Labour Organisation and its acts now also includes forced labor, in addition to the regular shapes, which are sexual exploitation of children for the purpose of international adoption, for sale of human organs and other extreme forms of exploitation of human beings. Since the concept is quite unknown or unfamiliar to the public, there are areas in the world such as Turkey and Philippines, where forced labor of children is going around in front of their eyes, but nobody is reporting it, because they find it a normal way of growing up. The most worrying is that the victims themselves often do not know they are actually victims, as they are doing the work that is part of the tradition, "which must be once in a lifetime each given through". Despite the fact that the child trafficking is a phenomenon that can be traced anywhere in the world, there are still areas or countries where the exploitation of children is particularly alarming and inhuman or occur in very broad forms. Here is the special focus on Turkey, Nepal, Ecuador, on problematic South and Southeast Asia, and the Central America. The trafficking of children is extremely complex phenomenon that needs to be also addressed as it. The most that we can do to stop this crime is to educate people. At all levels of education and public appearances it is necessary for people to make it clear what is actually the content of the concept of trafficking in children, that there is not only a classic shape, but may also include child labour, which is in accordance with the customs and traditions of a country. Only when the public will recognize some form of exploitation, it will report it and only then the state can take appropriate action. However, that the country can take appropriate measures in this area must be carefully regulated, it is also necessary that countries ratify all international treaties in this area, that is to adopt the International Labour Organisation and the United Nations treaties. These organizations are accepting acts to protect children from all forms of exploitation. The world community must therefore put pressure on all states that these acts have not yet ratified, because that is the only way to successfully combat against people traffickers.
Keywords:	human trafficking, sexual exploitation of children, child forced labour, Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour

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