Upravičenost uporabe regionalnih železniških prog z vidika uporabnine

Sternad, Marjan

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Title:	Upravičenost uporabe regionalnih železniških prog z vidika uporabnine
Authors:	ID Sternad, Marjan (Author) ID Rosi, Bojan (Mentor) More about this mentor... ID Jagrič, Timotej (Comentor)
Files:	DOK_Sternad_Marjan_2016.pdf (48,66 MB) MD5: CD9C562580E8A5C13100901890BF0B78
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Dissertation
Typology:	2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
Organization:	FL - Faculty of Logistic
Abstract:	Liberalizacija železniškega sistema je v zadnjih letih postala prioritetna naloga EU, saj se konkurenčnost železniškega transporta v primerjavi s cestnim transportom zmanjšuje. Odprtje železniškega trga tujim prevoznikov prinaša boljšo izkoriščenost obstoječe železniške infrastrukture in večji nivo kakovosti storitev, vendar pa se slabosti kažejo predvsem na regionalnih progah, ki so zaradi nizkega blagovnega potenciala nezanimive za tuje prevoznike. Temeljni cilj doktorske disertacije je oblikovanje modela uporabnine, ki bo povečal učinkovitost izrabe regionalne železniške infrastrukture pri integraciji ekonomskih in okoljskih ciljev, kjer ekonomski cilji temeljijo na povečanju učinkovitosti rabe železniške infrastrukture na strani upravljavcev železniške infrastrukture in optimalnem financiranju železniških prevoznikov na regionalnih progah. Okoljski cilji pa temeljijo na povečanju uporabe železniškega tovornega prometa iz vidika nižjih eksternih stroškov. V doktorski disertaciji smo ugotovili, da sprememba obstoječega modela izračuna uporabnine prinaša ekonomske učinke za upravljavca železniške infrastrukture in prevoznika. Pri tem je potrebno poudariti, da maksimiramo ekonomske koristi prevoznika, ki s spremenjenim načinom zaračunavanja uporabnine na podlagi subvencioniranja znižuje stroške. Rezultati ekonometrične analize stroškov vzdrževanja so pričakovani iz strokovnega vidika in so primerljivi z referenčnimi raziskavami. Ocenjene spremenljivke so statistično značilne v skladu s strokovno literaturo. Manjša odstopanja so posledica predvsem razlik v stroških dela med državami v obdobju od 2008 do 2012. Na podlagi ocenjene stroškovne funkcije smo izračunali mejne stroške, ki predstavljajo osnovo izračuna uporabnine na podlagi bruto tonskih kilometrov. Ob primernem sistemu spodbujanja železniškega transporta s strani države je možno povečati učinkovito izrabo regionalnih prog. Za izboljšanje problematike regionalnih železniških prog je potrebno poleg ekonomskih kriterijev upoštevati tudi organizacijske, saj obstoječa organiziranost premalo podpira razvoj regionalne železniške infrastrukture. Glede na ekonomske in tehnološke kriterije smo oblikovali model središčnih in obrobnih vozlišč za regionalne železniške proge v Sloveniji s ciljem povečanja frekvenc med izbranimi lokacijami in izboljšanja kakovosti železniške transportne storitve. Izbrana središčna in obrobna vozlišča razpolagajo s primerno železniško infrastrukturo, ki omogoča razvoj celovitih in konkurenčnih transportnih storitev, ki poleg transporta ponujajo tudi storitve manipulacij in spremljevalne logistične storitve. V postavljen model središčnih in obrobnih vozlišč smo postavili model uporabnine, ki na eni strani spodbuja prevoznike preko subvencioniranja. S povečanjem frekvence tovornih vlakov pa se poveča izkoriščenost železniške infrastrukture in prihodek z naslova uporabnine. Povečanje povpraševanja po železniških tovornih storitvah vpliva tudi na povečanje konkurence na železniškem trgu storitev, saj so zaradi nizkega in padajočega povpraševanja regionalna območja nezanimiva in neprivlačna za druge železniške prevoznike. Rezultati predlaganega modela so usklajeni z usmeritvami evropske prometne politike s ciljem povečanja železniškega tovornega transporta in preusmeritev blagovnih tokov iz cest na železnico, ki povzroča bistveno nižje eksterne stroške. Cilji evropske prometne politike na področju železniškega transporta so tudi usmerjeni v razvoj notranjega železniškega trga v Evropi, kjer je potrebno zagotoviti celovit pristop k upravljanju tovornih koridorjev. Izboljšanje učinkovitosti na koridorjih pa ni mogoče zagotoviti brez učinkovitih povezav na regionalna območja, ki so preveč zapostavljena v globalnem povezovanju, vendar predstavljajo potencial, ki ostaja neizkoriščen. Poleg tega so regionalna območja s področja železniškega transporta in uporabnine slabo raziskana področja, saj je večina raziskav osredotočena na glavne železniške proge.
Keywords:	železnice, regionalne proge, uporabnina, mejni stroški, središčna in obrobna vozlišča
Place of publishing:	[S. l.
Publisher:	M. Sternad]
Year of publishing:	2016
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-55185
UDC:	656.2
COBISS.SI-ID:	512812605
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:IK2YA2NT
Publication date in DKUM:	06.12.2016
Views:	2414
Downloads:	280
Metadata:
Categories:	FL
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Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	Level of feasability of regional railway tracks from the viewpoint of infrastructure charging
Abstract:	The liberalization of the railway system in recent years has become a priority for the EU, because the competitiveness of rail transport compared to road transport has been decreasing. The opening of the rail market to foreign operators also leads to better utilization of existing infrastructure and a higher level of service quality, but the disadvantages are primarily for regional lines, due to low commodity potential and unattractiveness for foreign operators. The main objective of the doctoral thesis is to propose a model of infrastructure charging that will increase the effective use of regional railway infrastructure during the integration of economic and environmental objectives, where economic goals are based on increasing the efficiency of railway infrastructure use by the railway infrastructure managers and on optimal financing of railway service providers on regional routes. The environmental objectives are based on an increased use of rail freight services from the viewpoint of decreased external costs. In the doctoral thesis it was found that a change in the existing model of calculating infrastructure charging brings economic effects to the railway infrastructure managers and transport providers. It is important to note that this maximises economic benefits for the transport providers, which can decrease costs with subventions due to changes in infrastructure use charging. The results of an econometric analysis of costs were expected from a professional point of view and are comparable to referenced research. Estimated variables are statistically significant and in accord with relevant literature. Minor deviations are mainly a consequence of differences in labour costs between countries in the period from 2008 to 2012. Based on an estimated cost function, marginal costs were calculated, which present a basis for calculating infrastructure use charges using gross tonne kilometres. With an appropriate system of encouraging railway transport by the country, it is possible to increase the efficiency of regional railway routes use. Organizational criteria have to be considered in addition to economic ones to improve the problematic of regional railway routes, since the existing organization lacks support for the development of regional railway infrastructure. Based on economic and technological criteria, a model of central and peripheral hubs for regional railway routes in Slovenia was formed, with a goal of increasing the frequencies among selected locations and improving the quality of railway transport services. Selected central and peripheral hubs possess adequate railway infrastructure, which enables the development of holistic and competitive transport services that include services of manipulation and accompanying logistical services in addition to transport. A model for infrastructure use charging was set into the model of central and peripheral hubs, which on one hand encourages operators through subsidising. On the other hand, usage of railway infrastructure and incomes from the charging of infrastructure use increase due to an increase of freight train frequencies. The results of the proposed model are in accordance with guidelines of European transport policies with the goal of increasing railway freight transport and rerouting freight flows from roads to the railway, which causes substantially lower external costs. European policy goals on the field of railway transport are also aimed towards the development of an internal railway market in Europe, where a holistic approach to managing freight corridors has to be ensured. The improvement of efficiency on corridors cannot be ensured without efficient connections towards regional areas, which tend to be overly neglected during global connectivity, but represent an unused potential. Besides this, regional areas are poorly researched in light of railway transport and infrastructure use charging, since most research focuses on main railway routes. Wi
Keywords:	railways, regional lines, charges, marginal costs, hub and spoke

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