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Title:VPLIV UGOTAVLJANJA DAVČNE OSNOVE NA PODLAGI NORMIRANIH ALI DEJANSKIH ODHODKOV NA POSLOVANJE PODJETNIKA
Authors:ID Zelnik, Sonja (Author)
ID Kobal, Aleš (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf MAG_Zelnik_Sonja_2016.pdf (5,97 MB)
MD5: F09D8B8B0D917D0F949D7ABCC8EBB21F
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Master's thesis
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:V nalogi analiziramo pavšalno obdavčitev, ki je za Slovenijo nov davčni sistem. Ideja sama v svetu ni tako nova. Različne oblike pavšalne obdavčitve so že nekaj časa prisotne v svetu, čeprav se je sistem najbolj uveljavil med državami vzhodne Evrope. Pavšalni sistemi držav, ki poznajo pavšalno obdavčitev, se med seboj razlikujejo. Čista »pavšalnost« pomeni obdavčitev vseh prihodkov s pavšalno davčno stopnjo, brez izjem. Razlike med pavšalnimi sistemi se odražajo v načinu ugotavljanja davčne osnove in višini davčne stopnje. Tako je davčna stopnja lahko enaka za vse vire dohodka ali pa se uporabljajo različne stopnje za različne dohodke in različne organizacijske oblike poslovanja. Med v nalogi obravnavanimi državami je Slovaška že zamenjala pavšalno obdavčitev s splošnim sistemom, ki vključuje progresivno obdavčitev in različne davčne stopnje za različne vire obdavčitve. Drugi dve državi, Bolgarija in Latvija, ohranjata pavšalno obdavčitev z različnimi davčnimi stopnjami. Slovenija je med opazovanimi državami edina, ki ima sočasno oba davčna sistema in omogoča izbiro med sistemoma. Davčni zavezanci se torej lahko, ob izpolnjevanju določenih pogojev, odločajo za ugotavljanje davčne osnove med dejanskimi prihodki in dejanskimi odhodki (splošen sistem) ali normiranimi odhodki (pavšalen sistem). Izbira sistema obdavčitve prav gotovo vpliva na poslovanje podjetnika. Pavšalen davčni sistem se je v Sloveniji izkazal kot učinkovit in uporaben za vse tiste davčne zavezance, ki opravljajo storitveno dejavnost, nimajo veliko prometa, zaposlenih in potrebe po dodatnih računovodskih informacijah. Za te zavezance je sistem enostaven, učinkovit in poceni. To še posebej velja za samostojne podjetnike, ki lahko vodijo samo poenostavljene evidence in so dokončno obdavčeni s pavšalno davčno stopnjo. Za vse ostale davčne zavezance pa to seveda ne velja, saj dosegajo enostavnost edino v obdavčitvi, medtem ko morajo zagotavljati vse potrebne računovodske evidence in poročila za poslovno odločanje in poročanje. Vendar možnost izbire ocenjujemo kot pozitivno. Ker raziskava v Sloveniji temelji na podatkih dveh let, menimo, da bomo lahko šele v naslednjih letih natančneje ocenili vse učinke pavšalne obdavčitve na poslovanje podjetnika.
Keywords:pavšalna obdavčitev, normirani odhodki, davčni sistem, davčni zavezanec, samostojni podjetnik, pravna oseba
Place of publishing:Maribor
Publisher:[S. Zelnik]
Year of publishing:2016
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-57224 New window
UDC:336.22(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:5130539 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:ZQEG7WBP
Publication date in DKUM:21.07.2016
Views:1468
Downloads:207
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:PF
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:The effect of assessing the tax base based on tax flat-rate expenses or actual expenses on the entrepreneurs business
Abstract:In this thesis we analyzed a new tax system, which is relatively new for Slovenia, the flat-rate tax system. The idea itself is not new in the world. Different types of flat-rate taxes have already been present for some time in the world and in Europe, even though the system mostly asserted itself in eastern European countries. The system in countries, who know the flat-tax rate, differs from each other. Pure flat-rate taxing means taxing all revenues with the flat-tax rate, without exceptions. The flat-rate taxes differ from each other by the type of assessment and the percentage of the tax rates. This way the tax rate can be identical for all revenues, or different for different revenues and different organizational types of businesses. Between the presented countries, Slovakia already changed the flat-rate tax to the general system, which includes progressive taxing and different tax rates for different taxation sources. On the other hand, Bulgaria and Latvia keep their flat-rate tax system with different tax rates. Slovenia is the only country within those presented with both tax systems simultaneously, which allows selection between them. If certain conditions are met, taxpayers may decide between the assessment of the tax base based on the actual incomes and outcomes (the general tax system), or the flat-rate expenses (the flat-rate system). This selection definitely has an effect on the entrepreneurs business. The flat-rate system proved to be a useful and efficient system in Slovenia for taxpayers that do service activities and do not have high turnover or many employees and do not have the need for additional accounting information. For these taxable persons the system is simple, effective and inexpensive, especially so for individual entrepreneurs who may only keep simplified records and are taxed by the flat-rate tax. This is of course not valid for every other taxpayer who achieves the simplicity only in taxes while they have to present all required records and statements for business decision-making and business reporting. The option to choose is evaluated as a positive one. Because the research in Slovenia is based only on the data of the previous two years, more accurate evaluation of those effects will only be possible in the next couple of years.
Keywords:flat-rate taxing, flat-rate expenses, tax system, taxpayer, individual entrepreneur, legal entity


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