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Title:PLANINSKA TEHNIKA IN TAKTIKA PRI VODENJU NA ZAHTEVNIH TERENIH, BREZPOTJIH IN NA VEČJIH NADMORSKIH VIŠINAH
Authors:ID Kelnerič, Aleksander (Author)
ID Golnar, Anton (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf VS_Kelneric_Aleksander_2016.pdf (3,60 MB)
MD5: 5A8ACAAB55AF0D60B7EB05326DCBC5DB
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Undergraduate thesis
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:PEF - Faculty of Education
Abstract:Privlačnost in mističnost gorskega sveta sta že od nekdaj prebujali radovednost človeka. Prvi pristopniki so neobljuden in na prvi pogled neprehoden gorski svet spoznavali bodisi zaradi vsakdanjih potreb, ker so v njem iskali hrano za preživetje, pa tudi zaradi radovednosti in vznemirljivosti raziskovanja novih, še neodkritih področij. Številni naravoslovno usmerjeni izobraženci, ki so se zavedali pomembnosti odkrivanja višje ležečega gorskega sveta, so za osvajanje do tedaj neprehodnih območij najemali izkušene domačine – prve vodnike. Oblikovanje združenj, organizacij in skupin, ki so razvijale svoja prepričanja in poglede na gorski svet, je pripeljal do vodništva, ki se je sčasoma razvilo vse do današnjega stanja, torej do zahtevnih plezalno vodenih tur. Postopoma so se oblikovala znanja in se razvijali postopki vodenja, z njimi pa se je hkrati izpopolnjevala in razvijala tudi potrebna oprema, obleka, obutev, pripomočki. Četudi se je kdaj in kje zmanjšal vpliv gorskega sveta na obiske, so gore ostale enako velike, mogočne in privlačne. Se je pa večal obseg znanj vodnikov in oblikoval lik današnjega vodnika. Njegovo delo postaja zaradi družbene ureditve in socialnega prostora vse težje, saj se v veliko primerih ukvarja z vodenimi kot »oče in mati s svojim otrokom«. Natančneje povedano se vodnik obnaša do vodenega »v rokavicah« in mu nudi vse potrebne usluge, seveda do neke meje in odvisno od svojega znanja in izkušenj. Meje določajo vsakemu vodniku kategorije, ki jih je osvojil. Poleg tega mora biti vsak vodnik dovolj samokritičen do sebe, da lahko presodi, kje, koga in kako je sposoben varno in prijetno voditi. Procesi izobraževanja vodnikov (planinskega vodnika, mladinskega planinskega vodnika, alpinističnega inštruktorja, gorskega vodnika) so do določene mere (z vidika varnosti vodenja) poenoteni in znanja enaka ali podobna. Razlikujejo se le po zahtevnosti in količini, kar je vezano na zahtevnost ture, ki jo vodnik vodi. Je pa vsak vodnik edinstven, ima svoje poglede in uporablja metode, ki so se mu z leti razvile. Z večanjem zahtevnosti tur se metode in pogledi različnih vodnikov zbližujejo, saj se s tem, ko postaja tura težja, maneverski prostor zmanjšuje, odločitve vodnikov pa postajajo vse bolj podobne in enake. V diplomski nalogi so opisani različni vidiki in postopki vodenja po težkih brezpotjih, v težavnejših razmerah in po zahtevnejšem terenu, za kar potrebuje vodnik vsa svoja znanja in sposobnosti, ki si jih je pridobil v preteklosti, vse izkušnje, avtomatika in učinkovitost odločitev. Tako postane vodena tura lepa, varna in privlačna za oba, za vodnika in klienta, saj vodeni načeloma ne zazna tistega, kar otežuje ali celo ogroža turo. To velja za profesionalne gorske vodnike, pa tudi za nekatere planinske vodnike, ki delujejo na prostovoljni bazi. Uspeh vodene ture pomeni uspešno nadaljevanje vodniškega dela. Posebno zahtevno je vodenje otrok in mladine, saj se je potrebno poglobiti v njihovo razmišljanje in spoznavanje gorskega sveta. To nalogo dobro opravljajo Mladinski planinski vodniki (izobraževalni tečaji za mladinske planinske vodnike Mladinske komisije pri PZS danes sicer več ne obstajajo), po sedanjem izobraževanju vodniki Planinske Zveze Slovenije. Zaradi sprememb v programu in načinu izobraževanja, ki se je približal profesionalnim gorskim vodnikom, sta postala način in pristop izobraževalnih metod preveč okorna in neprilagojena vodenju otrok in mladine. Tako pokriva spekter vodnikov celotno populacijo od otrok, mladine, odraslih do starejših oseb, zato je nujno vzdrževati in nadgrajevati vsako področje vodništva. Gore namreč obiskujejo vse generacije. Želje pohodnikov so lahko zelo različne. Primerno izobraženi in strokovno podkovani vodniki lahko vodenemu uresničijo marsikatero željo po osvojitvi določenega cilja in pripomorejo, da se zadovoljen in nepoškodovan vrne v dolino.
Keywords:brezpotja, metodologije dela, metodologije vodenja, izkušnje, izobraževanje planinskih vodnikov, planinska tehnika, poznavanje terena, psihologija vodenja, taktika vodenja, tehnična znanja, težji teren, večja nadmorska višina, vodenje, vodniki, vodništvo, vrvna tehnika, zahtevni teren
Place of publishing:Maribor
Publisher:[A. Kelnerič]
Year of publishing:2016
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-58700 New window
UDC:796.52(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:22217224 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:SGCK1S4Z
Publication date in DKUM:25.05.2016
Views:1099
Downloads:136
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:PEF
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:MAUNTANEERING TECHNIQUE AND TACTICS OF GUIDING ON DEMANDING TERRAIN, OFF-ROADS AND HIGH ALTITUDES
Abstract:Curiosity, attractiveness and mysticism of mountains have since always lured people. First mountaineers wandered off into the unpopulated and, at first sight, impassable mountains either to meet their own needs and searching for food in order to survive, or out of sheer curiosity and desire to research new, undiscovered areas. Numerous nature-oriented intellectuals, who were conscious of the importance to research and go deeper into high mountains, used to hire experienced locals to help them pass through impassable areas; those locals were the first guides. The formation of associations, organisations and groups, who developed their convictions and views of the mountains, led to the organised guidance developing through years until now when mountain guides lead tours that range from easy to the climbing ones. Through years, knowledge about and ways of guiding have been developing, the equipment and clothing have been perfected. Access to the mountains has become more comfortable in certain conditions; nevertheless, the mountains still impress with their height and mightiness. The scope of knowledge required from guides has greatly expanded. Nowadays, a modern guide is facing more and more difficult working conditions due to the social system and their own position in the society. Therefore, guides very often treat their clients as if they were their “mother and father”, or put in other words, the guides offer their clients almost everything they need, the only difference between the guides being their true knowledge and experiences. The limits for each guide are determined by categories mastered by each guide. In addition, each guide has to have the capacity of self-criticism and decide where, who and how he or she can guide clients through mountains in a safe and agreeable way. Educational process and the level of knowledge of mountain guides, especially in terms of safety, are to a certain extent more or less the same for all categories: mountain guides for adults or youngsters, and even for alpine instructors. The only difference is the level of difficulty and amount of knowledge which is directly reflected in how demanding the tour is. In general, the mountain guides stick to main guidelines and orientation; however, during the years, each guide develops their own personal style and methods which belong only to them. But with the difficulty of a tour growing, methods and views of guides start to converge as there is less and less space for manoeuvring; therefore, their decisions become almost the same or at least very similar. The present diploma work deals with various aspects and procedures of guiding especially on demanding off-roads, extreme conditions and difficult terrain where a guide must respond with all the knowledge and experiences previously acquired and used, for in such circumstances the experience, automatism and quick decision are of vital importance. This is the only way to make a tour interesting, safe and attractive for both, the guide and the client who, normally, should not be aware of circumstances that could jeopardise the tour. The above fact is true for professional mountain guides, and is the same for guides who volunteer and for who successfully guided tours mean the possibility to continue as guides.
Keywords:off-roads, work methodology, guiding methodology, experience, training of mountain guides, mountaineering technique, knowledge of terrain, guiding psychology, guiding tactics, technical knowledge, difficult terrain, high altitude, guiding, guides, rope technique, demanding terrain.


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