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Title:Davčna obravnava izvedenih finančnih instrumentov s poudarkom na obdavčitvi pravnih oseb
Authors:ID Kolarić, Ivo (Author)
ID Škof, Bojan (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf MAG_Kolaric_Ivo_2016.pdf (795,61 KB)
MD5: CD0FEFE7E12A75E301D40697ED1EB2E6
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Master's thesis
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:Izvedeni finančni instrumenti so zapleteni finančni instrumenti in so kot taki primerni za izkušene vlagatelje. Slednje vpliva na to, da jih uporabljajo predvsem finančne institucije in večje gospodarske družbe. Prav zaradi nepopolnega poznavanja izvedenih finančnih instrumentov, njihovega vrednotenja in računovodskih načel so družbe, ki s tovrstnimi finančnimi instrumenti trgujejo, izpostavljene precejšnjim finančnim, regulatornim in davčnim tveganjem. Izvedeni finančni instrumenti so opredeljeni v ZTFI in predstavljajo velik nabor različnih vrst finančnih instrumentov. Skupno vsem je to, da imamo opraviti s pogodbo, sklenjeno med dvema strankama, kjer se lastništvo s prodajalca na kupca ne prenese takoj, pač pa na neki prihodnji datum, po dogovorjeni ceni in na dogovorjen način in da je njihova vrednost določena na podlagi osnovnega finančnega instrumenta. Trgovanje z izvedenimi finančnimi instrumenti je namenjeno tistim vlagateljem, ki v zameno za sprejeto tveganje računajo na višji donos. V omenjeno skupino vlagateljev sodijo tisti, ki imajo ustrezno znanje, izkušnje in so pripravljeni neprestano spremljati dogajanja na trgu in s tem prepoznavati dejavnike, ki lahko vplivajo na spremembe vrednosti njihovih naložb. Prav zaradi različnih značilnosti posameznih strank, je ključnega pomena njihova razvrstitev med neprofesionalne ali profesionalne stranke in primerne nasprotne stranke, s čemer se ščiti vlagatelje pred zanje neprimernimi naložbenimi odločitvami. V magistrski nalogi sem analiziral obdavčitev tako z vidika fizičnih, kot z vidika pravnih oseb, pri čemer je poudarek na slednjih. Fizične osebe, ki trgujejo z izvedenimi finančnimi instrumenti so tako obdavčene v skladu Zakonom o dohodnini in Zakonom o davku od dobička od odsvojitve izvedenih finančnih instrumentov. Kadar pa tovrstne transakcije opravljajo pravne osebe, je potrebno v prvi vrsti upoštevati računovodske standarde, ki natančno določajo, kako vrednotiti in izkazovati posamezne izvedene finančne instrumente. Posledično njihovo pripoznavanje v računovodskih izkazih vpliva na davčno osnovo za obračun davka od dohodka pravnih oseb. Na ravni Evropske unije potekajo aktivnosti za uvedbo davka na finančne transakcije, ki v obdavčitev zajema tudi izvedene finančne instrumente. Slovenija je sicer pristopila k okrepljenemu sodelovanju, vendar je trenutno mnenja, da izplen omenjenega davka ne bi odtehtal stroškov, potrebnih za izvedbo tovrstne obdavčitve.
Keywords:izvedeni finančni instrumenti, finančne opcije, terminske pogodbe, zamenjava obrestnih mer, valutne zamenjave, zaščita strank, uredba EMIR, obdavčitev izvedenih finančnih instrumento
Place of publishing:[Maribor
Publisher:I. Kolarić]
Year of publishing:2016
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-59912 New window
UDC:336.22:338.246(043.3)
COBISS.SI-ID:5207851 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:DG3RNDOU
Publication date in DKUM:10.10.2016
Views:3107
Downloads:635
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:PF
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Tax treatment of derivatives with a focus on taxing legal persons
Abstract:Derivatives are complex financial instruments and as such are suitable for experienced investors. In accordance to this they are primarily used by financial institutions and larger corporations. Companies that are trading with these financial instruments, are exposed to significant financial, regulatory and tax risks because of incomplete understanding of derivatives, their valuation and accounting principles. Derivatives are defined in Financial Instruments Market Act (ZTFI) and represent a wide range of different types of financial instruments. We are dealing with the contract concluded between two parties where the ownership from the seller to the buyer is not transferred immediately, but at some future date, at an agreed price and in the agreed manner and their value derives from the performance of an underlying entity. The latter is common to all of them. Trading with derivatives is intended for those investors who are willing to take a risk in return for higher yields. This group of investors has knowledge, experience and has constantly the willing to monitor the developments in the market and to identify the factors that may affect the change in the value of their investments. Because of the different characteristics of each customer, there is important to classify customers as unprofessional or professional clients and eligible counterparties. In accordance to their classification they are protected against the inappropriate investment decisions. In the master thesis I have analyzed the taxation in terms of natural person and in terms of legal entities. Individuals who trade derivatives are taxed under ZDoh-2 and the ZDDOIFI. However, where such transactions are carried on by legal entities, it is necessary to take into account the accounting standards. Consequently, their recognition in the financial statements affect the tax base for calculating corporate income tax. There are taken place negotiations for the introduction of a new tax on financial transactions in the European Union that also covers the derivatives. Slovenia has acceded to enhanced cooperation, but it is currently of the opinion that the recovery of the aforementioned tax can not be offset by the costs required to implement such taxation.
Keywords:financial options, futures, forwards, interest rate swap, foreign exchange swap, EMIR


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