Kako zadržati starejše delavce na trgu dela

Hojnik Šlamberger, Andreja

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Title:	Kako zadržati starejše delavce na trgu dela
Authors:	ID Hojnik Šlamberger, Andreja (Author) ID Korpič - Horvat, Etelka (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	MAG_Hojnik_Slamberger_Andreja_2016.pdf (1,69 MB) MD5: F06D997A8C8B911F1A437009D8A829D9
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Master's thesis
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:	V magistrski nalogi obravnavam problematiko staranja prebivalstva v Evropi, ki predstavlja problem zaradi potrebe po daljši delovni aktivnosti starejših ter hkrati z možnostjo povečanja njihove zaposljivosti in njihove čim daljše ohranitve na trgu dela. Starajoče se prebivalstvo današnji družbi predstavlja enega največjih ekonomskih in socialnih izzivov na eni strani in hkrati priložnosti na drugi strani. Zato je ključnega pomena spoznati značilne lastnosti starejših delavcev ter jim temu primerno omogočiti varno in stimulativno delovno okolje, v katerem bodo, ob izkoriščanju svojih delovnih potencialov, lahko veliko prispevali v delovni proces. Hkrati pa jim je potrebno, zaradi njihovih lastnosti, zagotavljati enakopravno obravnavanje (pred zaposlitvijo, v času zaposlitve in v primeru prenehanja pogodbe o zaposlitvi), v primerjavi z ostalimi zaposlenimi, da ne bi bili podvrženi diskriminaciji. Ker je diskriminacija starejših delavcev problem, ki v Evropi traja že dlje časa, je bilo skozi zgodovino razvoja demokracije sprejetih veliko število mednarodnih pravnih dokumentov, katerih cilj je odpravljanje diskriminacije in zagotavljanje enakopravnosti pri tej skupini oseb. Posledice demografskih sprememb in nizke stopnje zaposlenosti starejših se zaveda Evropa in tudi Slovenija, zaradi česar je bilo potrebno že v preteklosti sprejeti ustrezne ukrepe in politike v zvezi s staranjem prebivalstva. V ta namen je bila sprejeta Lizbonska strategija, katere cilja, ki jih je bilo potrebno uresničit do leta 2010, sta med drugim bila višja aktivnost starejših in dvig povprečne starosti umika iz trga dela v državah članicah Evropske unije. Nato je sledila nova strategija »Evropa 2020: strategija za pametno, trajnostno in vključujočo rast«, katere cilj je do leta 2020 doseči 75 odstotno stopnjo zaposlenosti žensk in moških v starosti med 20 in 64 let, tudi z večjo zaposljivostjo starejših. Daljša aktivnost starejših delavcev na trgu dela se lahko zagotovi z učinkovitim konceptom aktivnega staranja, kjer je poudarek predvsem na izobraževanju in usposabljanju, poleg tega pa se lahko daljša delovna aktivnost starejših delavcev zagotovi tudi s t.i. fleksibilnimi oblikami zaposlitve, ki starejšim delavcem omogoča ohranitev zaposlitve oziroma zmanjša stopnjo njihove odvisnosti od sistema socialnega zavarovanja, v primeru njihove izključitve s trga dela. Ker je brezposelnost eden resnejših problemov v Evropi, predvsem brezposelnost starejših delavcev, je potrebno zagotoviti tudi ustrezno socialno zavarovanje, ki omogoča kontinuiteto dohodka oziroma ustrezno raven dohodkovne varnosti osebe v času brezposelnosti, hkrati pa mora omogočiti, olajšati in spodbuditi čim hitrejšo ponovno vključitev brezposelne osebe na aktivni trg dela, da bo lahko ta oseba ponovno sama pridobivala sredstva za življenje. Evropska unija skuša probleme brezposelnosti reševati z Evropsko strategijo zaposlovanja, ki pomaga državam članicam ustvarjati več kvalitetnih delovnih mest, v Sloveniji pa brezposelnim osebam, na podlagi Zakona o urejanju trga dela, omogoča vključevanje v programe zaposlovanja v okviru aktivne politike zaposlovanja. Glede na to, da Danska velja za državo z nizko stopnjo brezposelnosti in nizko stopnjo socialne izključenosti je Evropska unija kot enega izmed ukrepov za reševanje problemov z zaposlovanjem brezposelnih priporočila državam članicam model prožne varnosti, ki ga je razvila Danska in ki predstavlja kombinacijo fleksibilnosti trga dela in varnost zaposlitve. Model zagotavlja fleksibilnost delovne zakonodaje, radodarnost socialnega sistema in aktivno politiko zaposlovanja.
Keywords:	staranje prebivalstva, starejši delavec, diskriminacija zaradi starosti, brezposelnost starejših delavcev, aktivno staranje, fleksibilne oblike zaposlovanja, delna pokojnina, aktivna politika zaposlovanja, pasivna politika zaposlovanja, prožna varnost, danski model »zlatega trikotnika«
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Publisher:	[A. Hojnik Šlamberger]
Year of publishing:	2016
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-60087
UDC:	331.5.021(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	5182763
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:XE4M1KH5
Publication date in DKUM:	15.09.2016
Views:	1832
Downloads:	345
Metadata:
Categories:	PF
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Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	How to keep older workers on labour market
Abstract:	The thesis deals with the problem of an aging population in Europe and in connection with this problem, the need for an extension of the working cycle of these people and the aim to increase their employability and keep them on the labor market as long as possible. The aging population of today's society represents one of the major economic and social challenges on one hand and at the same time an opportunity on the other. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize the typical characteristics of older workers and provide them accordingly with a safe and stimulating working environment in which they could significantly contribute to the working process by exploting their experience and skills. Because of their special characteristics equal treatment with other workers (prior to employment, during employment and in the event of termination of the employment contract) has to be ensured to avoid any discrimination. Since discrimination of older workers presents a long standing problem in Europe, a number of international legal documents has been adopted throughout the development of the democratic process, aiming at suppressing discrimination and enabling equal treatment for this group of people. The consequences of demographic change and low employment rates of older people caused Europe and Slovenia, being aware of the problem, to take appropriate measures and policies related with aging population. For this purpose the Lisbon Strategy was adopted defining two goals, which had to be achieved by 2010, being to increase the activity of elderly people and to raise the average age or retirement from the labour force in EU Member States. This strategy was followed by a new strategy "Europe 2020: A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth" aiming to reach an employment rate of women and men aged between 20 and 64 years of 75 per cent by 2020, also with higher employability of older people. Prolonged activity of older workers and their stay in the labour market can be reached with an efficient concept of active aging, where the emphasis is mainly on education and training, and in addition in flexible forms of employment for older workers, enabling them to stay longer in the labour market and lovering their dependence from the social security system, once they have been excluded from it. Since unemployment is one of the most serious problems in Europe, particularly the one of older workers, the need to ensure an adequate social security insurance is present, where the insurance provides for continuity of income and an adequate level of income security for people being unemployed, and in the same time enables, facilitates and encourages a faster reintegration of unemployed persons to the work force, so that this person can re-acquire its own funds for living. The European Union is trying to solve the problem of unemployment with the European employment strategy, which helps Member States to create more quality jobs, whereas in Slovenia the unemployed is enabled to integrate into employment programs under the active employment policy on the basis of the Act Regulating the labor market. Given that Denmark is considered being a country with a low unemployment rate and a low level of social exclusion, the European Union recommended to the Member States to implement a flexicurity model, as developed by Denmark, being a combination of labor market flexibility and job security, as one of the measures to address the unemployment issue. The model provides for the flexibility of the labour legislation, generous social system and active employment policy.
Keywords:	aging population, older workers, age discrimination, unemployment of older workers, active aging, flexible forms of employment, partial pension, active employment policy, passive employment policy, flexicurity, the Danish model of "golden triangle"

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