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Title:Patentiranje v kozmetični industriji, omejitve in moralni vidiki
Authors:ID Čretnik, Simona (Author)
ID Repas, Martina (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf MAG_Cretnik_Simona_2016.pdf (1,52 MB)
MD5: 2EDB705E3160FF3856049BBFEB8BC745
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Master's thesis
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:Patent predstavlja spodbudo, nagrado za izum in je pomemben dejavnik pri razvoju, prenosu tehnologij. Zaradi vse večjega trenda rasti produktov in postopkov v kozmetični industriji so se kozmetične korporacije in izvajalci kozmetičnih postopkov odločili, da svoje sestavine, postopke in produkte zavarujejo s patenti. V magistrski nalogi je na podlagi zakonodaje analizirano patentno varstvo v kozmetični industriji, ki je ena od panog biotehnologije. Na ravni Evropske unije je bila sprejeta Direktiva 98/44/ES katere funkcija je razjasnitev patentibilnosti na področju biotehnoloških izumov, njene določbe so bile prenesene tudi v pravila Evropske patentne konvencije (EPK). Naloga analizira določbe, ki vplivajo na razvoj patentnega prava, ter odločbe Evropskega patentnega urada (EPU) kot organa odločanja in razlaganja precedensov na področju patentiranja. Osrednje vprašanje naloge so izjeme glede možnosti patentiranja v skladu s 53. členom Evropske patentne konvencije tako na področju rastlinskih sort kot na področju kirurških in terapevtskih metod zdravljenja ter diagnostičnih postopkov uporabljenih na človeškem telesu. Na področju patentiranja rastlinskih vrst in sort v pravilih patentnega prava na evropski ravni določba točke b) 53. člena (EPK) prepoveduje patentno varstvo rastlinskih sort ali postopkov vzgoje rastlin, ki so v svojem bistvu biološki. Kljub temu pa velik del patentne aktivnosti v kozmetični industriji vključuje sestavine in izvlečke naravnega izvora, saj sodna praksa EPU širi meje patentnega varstva na področju patentiranja snovi in sestavin v kozmetični industriji. Kirurške in terapevtske metode zdravljena in diagnostične metode uporabljene na človeškem telesu, so kljub izpolnjevanju pogojev patentibilnosti, po točki c) 53. člena EPK izvzete iz patentne zaščite. V nalogi ugotavljam, da so določeni primeri kljub tej določbi patentibilni. Tako je mogoče patentirati že znane snovi v terapevtske, kirurške ali diagnostične namene, z vidika večkratne uporabe. Prav tako so patentibilni postopki in metode, ki imajo funkcijo polepšanja človeškega telesa, npr. barvanje las, ravnanje oziroma kodranje las, zategovanje kože, depilacije, vbrizgavanje botoksa za pomladitev ipd. Naloga poda primerjavo patentiranja v EU ter v ZDA, kjer je pravica do patenta dana že z Ustavo. ZDA dopušča patentiranje skoraj vseh biotehnoloških izumov ob izpolnjenem pogoju, da je izum nov, inventiven ter koristen. S tega vidika je togost Evropskega patentnega sistema večja od patentnega sistema v ZDA. Kljub manjšim zakonskim omejitvam na področju patentnega varstva pa je patentni sistem ZDA tog, kar zadeva spremembe zakonodaje.
Keywords:biotehnologija, Evropska patentna konvencija, rastlinska sorta, kirurške, terapevtske in diagnostične metode, moralni vidik, ZDA, kozmetika.
Place of publishing:Maribor
Publisher:[S. Čretnik]
Year of publishing:2016
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-61201 New window
UDC:347.77(043.3)
COBISS.SI-ID:5200939 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:X5TT6BFH
Publication date in DKUM:21.10.2016
Views:2011
Downloads:216
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:PF
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Patenting in the cosmetic industry, limitations and moral aspect
Abstract:Patent represents a prize for invention and an important factor in the development of technologies. Due to the growing trend of products and processes in the cosmetics industry, the cosmetic corporations and personnel performing cosmetic procedures, decided to protect their ingredients, processes and products by patents. The master's thesis analyzes the legislation of the Intellectual property and patent protection in the cosmetics industry, which represents one of the sectors in biotechnology. European Union adopted Directive 98/44/EC to clarify the patentability of biotechnological inventions. The rules of the Directive 98/44/ EC have been implemented in the rules of the European Patent Convention (EPC). Thesis analyzes legal acts that affect the development of patent law and the decision of the European Patent Office (EPO) as a decision-making body of precedents and interpretations in the field of patenting. The central issues are exceptions to patentability in accordance with Article 53. in EPC regarding plant varieties and surgical and therapeutic treatments and diagnostic procedures used on the human body. Patent protection for plant varieties in EPC is not granted under point b) of Article 53, where it states that plant varieties or essentially biological processes are not patentable. Nevertheless, a big part of patent activity in the cosmetic industry includes ingredients and extracts of natural origin, as a result of expanding the boundaries of the EPO in the field of patenting and ingredients in the cosmetics industry. Methods for treatment of the human body by surgery or therapy and diagnostic methods practiced on the human body are according to point c) of Article 53 excluded from patent protection. Thesis concludes that some of the cases, in spite of Article 53, are patentable. It is possible to patent known substances for therapeutic, surgical or diagnostic purposes in terms of multiple use. Methods and processes, which have the function of beautifing human body, such as, hair coloring, straightening or curling hair, skin tightening, hair removal, botox injection to rejuvenate are patentable. Thesis also compares the patenting legislation in the European Union and in the US, where the right to a patent is granted in the Constitution. US allows the patenting of biotechnological inventions for almost every invention as long the invention is new, inventive and useful. From this perspective, the rigidity of the European patent system is greater than in the US. Despite the lower legal restrictions in the field of patent protection, the US patent system shows its rigidness in unwillingness to change the legislation.
Keywords:biotechnology, European Patent Convention, plant varieties, surgical, therapeutic and diagnostic methods, morality, USA, cosmetics.


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