NADZOR NAD ZAKONITOSTJO DELA OBČINE

Dvoršek, Nina

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Title:	NADZOR NAD ZAKONITOSTJO DELA OBČINE
Authors:	ID Dvoršek, Nina (Author) ID Brezovnik, Boštjan (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	UN_Dvorsek_Nina_2016.pdf (660,40 KB) MD5: 833F3381397BE2BE91DB64FF033F3BD0
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Undergraduate thesis
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:	V delovno področje občin spadajo lokalne zadeve, ki zadevajo samo prebivalce občine in jih občina lahko ureja samostojno, državni organi pa izvajajo nadzor nad zakonitostjo dela občine. Država lahko z zakonom na občine prenese tudi opravljanje posameznih nalog državne pristojnosti, pod pogojem, da za to zagotovi potrebna sredstva. V zadevah iz prenesene pristojnosti opravljajo državni organi nadzor tudi nad primernostjo in strokovnostjo dela občin. Občinski organi so dolžni izvrševati te naloge neposredno na podlagi zakona, kar pomeni, da v zvezi s temi nalogami nimajo pravice sprejemati splošnih aktov. Zakonitost obvezuje vsakogar, ki sprejema pravne akte in izvršuje materialna dejanja, da pri tem izhaja iz zakona. To pomeni, da morajo biti v skladu z zakonom tako podzakonski in drugi splošni akti, kot tudi posamični akti in materialna dejanja. Zakonitost se pojavlja v dveh oblikah, v materialni in formalni. Materialno nezakonitost predstavlja neskladje vsebine podzakonskega predpisa ali drugega splošnega akta z zakonom. Pri formalni nezakonitosti pa taki pravni akt ni bil sprejet po postopku, predpisanem v zakonu, oziroma, ga ni sprejel organ, katerega pristojnost določa zakon. Delo občin kot predmet nadzora je treba razlagati široko. Sem štejemo organe, osebe in njihove odločitve. Dejavnost lokalne samouprave obsega izdajanje pravnih aktov, opravljanje materialnih dejanj ter sklepanje aktov poslovanja. Splošni pravni akti občine so statut, poslovnik, odlok, proračun, odredba, navodilo in pravilnik. Občina odloča s posamičnimi akti o upravnih stvareh tako iz lastne pristojnosti kot tudi iz prenesene državne pristojnosti. Stvarno pristojna za odločanje v upravnih zadevah iz izvirne pristojnosti občine sta občinska uprava (na prvi stopnji) in župan (na drugi stopnji). V upravnih zadevah iz prenesene državne pristojnosti odločata občinska uprava (na prvi stopnji) in stvarno pristojno ministrstvo (na drugi stopnji) . Za odločanje v upravnih zadevah občine je pristojen tudi občinski svet, ko tako določa zakon ali statut občine. Poleg tega lahko občina z odlokom občinskega sveta podeli javno pooblastilo za vodenje postopka in odločanje v upravnih zadevah iz izvirne pristojnosti občine, kar pomeni, da so za odločanje o upravnih zadevah v občini pristojni tudi nosilci javnih pooblastil. Delo občin je predmet različnih oblik nadzora, od katerih ima vsaka svoj namen in cilje. V skladu s tem ločimo pravni, politični in finančni nadzor. Na državni ravni so organi, ki so pristojni za nadzor nad zakonitostjo dela občine Državni zbor, vlada, ministrstva, upravne enote, Upravno sodišče, Ustavno sodišče, državni tožilec, varuh človekovih pravic in Računsko sodišče, na lokalni ravni pa nadzorni odbor, župan in občinski svet. Mnenja stroke glede ustreznosti veljavne ureditve nadzora nad zakonitostjo dela občin so deljena. Po eni strani lahko glede na obseg določb, ki ne nanašajo na omenjeno področje ter vpetost številnih organov, tako državnih kot lokalnih, ugotovimo, da je ureditev ustrezna. Po drugi strani pa je znano, da se mnoge od teh določb v praksi ne izvajajo in so tako le mrtva črka na papirju. Prav tako dejansko prihaja do številnih nezakonitih ravnanj pri delu občine.
Keywords:	občina, nadzor, zakonitost, pravna sredstva, nadzorni organ
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Publisher:	[N. Dvoršek]
Year of publishing:	2016
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-62232
UDC:	352(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	5256747
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:W4GEDINL
Publication date in DKUM:	20.09.2016
Views:	2844
Downloads:	342
Metadata:
Categories:	PF
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Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	SUPERVISION OF LEGALITY OF THE WORK OF MUNICIPALITY
Abstract:	The scope of work of the municipalities covers local affairs that concern only the local inhabitants and that can be determined by the municipality autonomously, while the state authorities conduct supervision of legality of the work of municipality. The state may transfer it's competences by passing a law under the condition that it provides the required means. In case of transferred competences the public authorities conduct also the supervision of adequacy and competent performance of work of the municipality. Municipal authorities are required to perform these tasks directly on the legal ground of law, which means that in relation to these tasks they are not eligible to pass general legal acts. Principle of legality obliges anyone who passes legal acts and performs substantive actions that they are based on law. This means that implementing regulations as well as other general acts must be in accordance with the law. Legality may emerge in two forms, the formal and the substantive. Breach of substantive legality means that implementing regulations and other general acts are not in accordance with the law. Breach of formal legality means that the legal act hasn’t been adopted in accordance with the procedure regulated by law or that it hasn’t been adopted by the competent authority. The work of municipalities as the subject of the supervision is to be interpreted broadly. It encompasses authorities, persons and their decisions. The activity of local government comprises adoption of legal acts, execution of substantive actions and acts concluding business. General acts passed by the municipality are statute, rules of procedure, ordinance, municipal budget, orders, instructions and policies. Municipality decision-making comprises passing of individual acts of administrative matters based on municipalitiy’s own powers as well as matters based on transferred competences. Material jurisdiction for decision-making in administrative matters in municipality’s own powers of decision lays with communal administration (fist instance) and mayor (second instance). In administrative matters in state transferred competences the material jurisdiction for decision-making lays with communal administration (first instance) and ministry with relevant jurisdiction (second instance). In cases stated by the law as well as by the statute the decision-making in administrative matters of the municipality lays also with municipal council. Moreover, the municipality may transfer it’s competences for conducting the procedure and for the decision-making in administrative matters in municipality’s own powers by passing ordinance of the municipal council. The work of municipalities is a matter of various forms of supervision, that each have it’s own purpose and objectives. In this relation we distinguish between legal, political and financial supervision. The competent monitoring bodies on the state level are National Assembly, government, ministries, administrative units, Administrative Court, Constitutional Court, state prosecutor, ombudsman and Court of Auditors, and on local level the competent monitoring bodies are monitoring committee, mayor and municipal council. Expert opinions on the adequacy of existing regime of supervision of legality in the municipalities are divided. On one hand we may state that due to the extent of the provisions regarding this field and the numerous monitoring bodies on state and local level the regime is adequate. On the other hand it is known that many of these provisions are not being implemented. In practice there are numerous breaches of legality regarding the work of municipalities.
Keywords:	municipality, supervision, legality, legal remedies, monitoring body

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