Vpliv HMF-a na dolgoživost čebel v laboratorijskih pogojih

Jurišić, Snežana

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Title:	Vpliv HMF-a na dolgoživost čebel v laboratorijskih pogojih
Authors:	ID Jurišić, Snežana (Author) ID Gregorc, Aleš (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	MAG_Jurisic_Snezana_2016.pdf (2,59 MB) MD5: 972F622FC82C1499F8B30705E93C348C
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Master's thesis/paper
Organization:	FKBV - Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences
Abstract:	V letu 2013 smo na Kmetijskem inštitutu Slovenije raziskovali vpliv organske spojine hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) na dolgoživost delavk medonosne čebele Apis mellifera carnica v laboratorijskih pogojih. V raziskavi smo ugotovili, da zviševanje odmerka HMF-a, dodanega v osnovno čebeljo hrano (apifonda), ne kaže večja odstopanja v smrtnosti čebel do 15. dneva. Med 16. in 30. dnevom je smrtnost čebel postopoma naraščala glede na odmerke 100, 500, 1000 in 1500 mg HMF-a/kg apifonde, in sicer pri vsakem višjem odmerku je bila stopnja preživetja krajša. . Negativen vpliv HMF-a se kaže tudi po 30 dnevu, kjer je pri najvišjem odmerku HMF-a skupina čebel živela zgolj še par dni, pri vsakem nižjem odmerku je bila stopnja preživetja čebel višja, zadnje čebele v kontrolni skupini pa so dočakale tudi do 45 dni. Hkrati smo ugotavljali, ali obstajajo razlike med skupinami čebel glede na količino zaužite hrane pri odmerkih 100 in 1500 mg HMF-a/kg apifonde. Raziskava kaže, da v prvih 7. dneh statističnih razlik ni bilo (p=0,245), oz. da so čebele brez večjih odstopanj enakomerno uživale hrano ne glede na višino odmerka HMF-a, primešanega v apifondo. Prisotnost okužbe Nosema spp. je tekom prvega poskusa bila zaznana v precej razpršenih količinah, v ponovitvi je bila zaznana zgolj občasno, pri poletnih čebelah pa ni bila zaznana, pri čem je upad oz. izguba spor Nosema spp. najverjetneje posledica odmiranja zimskih čebel iz prvega poskusa. S tehniko TUNEL smo ugotavljali celično smrt čebel, tretiranih z HMF-om. Iz histološke analize je razvidno, da je med 5. in 9. dnem opažena stagnacija v številu pozitivnih jeder, zaznan je celo upad v skupini z najvišjim odmerkom. Pri odmerku 500 mg HMF-a/kg apifonde je pri vsakem vzorčenju zaznano precej konstantno, in sicer visoko št. pozitivnih celic. Vrh okužbe je zabeležen 15. dan raziskave, pozneje sta zaznana bodisi stagnacija ali upad, zlasti pri najvišjem odmerku.
Keywords:	HMF, dolgoživost čebel, zavračanje hrane, celična smrt, Nosema spp.
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Year of publishing:	2016
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-63137
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:87FRWUA3
Publication date in DKUM:	13.09.2016
Views:	2788
Downloads:	132
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Categories:	FKBV
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Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	The effect of HMF on longevity of bees in laboratory conditions
Abstract:	In 2013 we have conducted a research about the effects of the organic compound hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) on the longevity of honey bee drones Apis mellifera carnica in laboratory conditions at the laboratories of the Kmetijski inštitut Slovenije. Our research showed that the increase HMF in the basic bee nourishment (apifond) does not reflect in increased fatalities of bees until the age of 15 days. Between days 16 and 30 the fatalities increase, with higher fatality trends corresponding to higher concentration of HMF in nourishment (100, 500, 1000, 1500 mg/kg of HMF). The negative effect of HMF is also noticeable after day 30. In the group receiving the highest concentration of HMS none of the bees survived for more than a few days past day 30, while there were bees surviving longer corresponding to the lower concentration of HMF in their nourishment. In the test groups there were surviving bees up to day 45. We have also tested if there are differences between groups of bees receiving the lowest (100mg/kg) and highest (1500mg/kg) concentrations of HMF in their nourishment. The results for the first seven days show no statistically significant differences (p=0,245), the bees were consuming nourishment (without HMF and with both concentrations) in comparable amounts. The presence of Nosema spores in the midgut of bees did not show a relation to the concentration of HMF in their nourishment. Using the imunohistological method (TUNEL) we have determined the cell death in the epithel of the midgut of the bees receiving HMF. There was a noticeable reduction of the apoptosis level in the epithel of the bees consuming the nourishment with the concentration of 1500mg/kg of HMF between days 5 and 9. An increase of necrotic deterioration of the cells was also noted. Throughout the experiment, a high amount of positive, apoptosic cells was noticed only in the group of bees nourished with the concentration of 500mg/kg of HMF. The bees nourished with the lowest concentration did not survive until day 30, indicating that the lowest concentration of HMF (100mg/kg) causes changes in the intensity of apoptosis, which is noticeable in comparison with bees receiving pure apifond without HMF. The highest mortality of bees is noticed in the period between day 15 and day 30 and was caused by the concentration of 1500mg/kg of HMF, while the cellular changes are noticed with the lowest concentration of 100mg/kg of HMF in apifond.
Keywords:	Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), longevity, rejection of nourishment, cell death, Nosema spp.

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