ODŠKODNINA KOT SANKCIJA

Cimeša, Branka

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Title:	ODŠKODNINA KOT SANKCIJA
Authors:	ID Cimeša, Branka (Author) ID Keresteš, Tomaž (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	UN_Cimesa_Branka_2016.pdf (1,00 MB) MD5: 327741C9D0DC3BEB8EE7598341DC7321
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Undergraduate thesis
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:	Pričujoče diplomsko delo je odraz želje po celovitejšemu pristopu k spoznavanju instituta odškodnine kot vrste civilnopravne sankcije. Na temo odškodninskega prava je bilo prelitega veliko črnila, vendar maloštevilni so domači viri, ki omogočajo spoznavanje omenjenega instituta z vidika njegovega pomena, namena, izvora, skratka temeljev, ki bi prispevali k integralnemu razumevanju predmetnega instituta. Omenjeno spoznanje o prisotni vrzeli med temeljnimi pojmi, velja nasploh za področje civilnega prava. Navedeno ugotovitev podkrepljuje dejstvo, da je splošni pojem civilnopravne sankcije ostal neizoblikovan. V želji po spoznavanju instituta odškodnine in njeni umestitvi v sistem pravnih sankcij se teorija med drugim poslužuje klasificiranja, ki v določeni meri zapolnjuje navedene vrzeli. S tem namenom sem v diplomskem delu predstavila klasifikacijo pravnih sankcij, ki zadevajo neposredno kršitelja ter klasifikacijo civilnopravnih sankcij z vidika ciljev in namena, ki jih le-te zasledujejo. Odškodnina kot sankcija je institut odškodninskega prava, ki ga kot skupek pravnih pravil in pravnih načel, umeščamo v podpanogo obligacijskega prava in panogo civilnega prava. Njena pravna podlaga oziroma podlaga za sankcioniranje je normativno urejena v Obligacijskem zakoniku (OZ), vendar ob tem ne gre zanemariti Ustavo Republike Slovenije, ki predstavlja hierarhično najvišji pravni akt in temelj celotnega slovenskega pravnega reda. Skoraj ga ni področja, ki ne bi bilo prepleteno z odškodninskim pravom, vendar pogoji oziroma predpostavke, ki morajo biti podane za izrek sankcije ostajajo takšne, kot jih je izoblikovalo civilno pravo. Kadar restitucija ni izvedljiva, subsidiarno nastopi denarna odškodnina. Namen denarne odškodnine kot sankcije počiva na temelju pravnega standarda pravične denarne odškodnine. Bodisi kot ekvivalenca, bodisi kot satisfakcija. Zgodovinsko gledano, tako kazensko kot civilno pravo izvirata iz istih korenin. Danes se namen sankcij popolnoma razlikuje. Medtem ko kazensko pravo izpostavlja storilca kaznivega dejanja, njegova dejanja moralno vrednoti, ga kaznuje in skuša doseči preventivni učinek na druge, pa odškodninsko pravo izpostavlja oškodovanca ter temelji na pravičnem odškodovanju in povrnitvi škode v obsegu, ne več, ne manj, kot bi ustrezala pojmu pravične denarne odškodnine. Vendar omenjeno velja za kontinentalni pravni sistem, medtem ko anglo-ameriški pravni sistem počiva na drugačnih temeljih. Zaradi vpliva zgodovinske dediščine in posledično prepletanja različnih funkcij odškodnine, je elemente kazenskih sankcij v odškodninskem pravu čutiti tudi do neke mere pri nas.
Keywords:	odškodnina, denarna odškodnina, sankcija, klasifikacija sankcij, odgovornost, restitucija, kaznovalna odškodnina, satisfakcija, civilna kazen.
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Publisher:	[B. Cimeša]
Year of publishing:	2016
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-63874
UDC:	347.51(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	5251627
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:J14VBFNY
Publication date in DKUM:	18.11.2016
Views:	1672
Downloads:	227
Metadata:
Categories:	PF
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Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	DAMAGES AS A SANCTION
Abstract:	The present thesis is a reflection of the desire for a more holistic approach to understanding the institution of damages as a kind of civil sanctions. There are very few sources that offer the learning of the so-called institute in terms of its meaning, purpose, origin and the foundations which would contribute to the integral understanding of the subject of the institution. The awareness of the gaps between the basic concepts applies generally to the field of civil law. That finding supports the fact that the general concept of civil sanctions remains unformed. In an effort to learn about the institute damages and its placement in the system of legal sanctions, theory and its classification, which to some extent fills the said gap. In my thesis, I have presented the classification of legal sanctions relating direct the offender and the classification of civil sanctions against the objectives and purpose of which the latter pursued. Damages as a sanction is the institution of tort law, which is a set of legal rules and legal principles placed into sub-sector of the law of obligations and to civil law. Its legal basis or a basis for sanctioning is statutorily regulated in the Code of Obligations (OZ), but we must not ignore the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia, representing the hierarchical supreme law and the foundation of the entire Slovenian legal order. There is almost no area that would not be intertwined with the tort law. Nevertheless, the conditions and assumptions, which are to be given for the imposition of sanctions, are left as it were shaped by civil law. When restitution is not realizable, the alternative is monetary damages. The purpose of monetary damages as a sanction rests on the basis of legal standards for righteous monetary damages, either as an equivalence or as a satisfaction. Historically, both criminal and civil law stem from the same roots. Today, the purpose of sanctions is very different. While criminal law exposes the offender, moral values of his actions, punishes him and tries to achieve a preventive effect on others, tort law exposes the victim and is based on a fair reparation to the extent no more or less, as would suit the concept of righteous monetary damages. However, that applies to the continental legal system while the Anglo-American legal system rests on different foundations. Due to the impact of historical heritage and the consequent interplay of various functions of damages, the elements of criminal sanctions in tort law are also to some degree felt here.
Keywords:	damages, monetary damages, sanction, classification of sanctions, liability, restitution, punitive damages, satisfactions, civil penalty.

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