Vpliv tehnologije pridelovanja jablan (Malus domestica Borkh.) na izgube pridelka povzročene od okužb s fitoplazmo 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali'

Matko, Boštjan

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Title:	Vpliv tehnologije pridelovanja jablan (Malus domestica Borkh.) na izgube pridelka povzročene od okužb s fitoplazmo 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali'
Authors:	ID Matko, Boštjan (Author) ID Lešnik, Mario (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	MAG_Matko_Bostjan_2016.pdf (1,22 MB) MD5: 38DC9B45CC48978DFF2AE21F81EB178F
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Master's thesis/paper
Organization:	FKBV - Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences
Abstract:	Pri drevesih jablan, sort ‘Fuji’, ‘Braeburn’, ‘Gala’, ‘Elstar’, ‘Jonagold’, ‘Zlati delišes’ in ‘Idared’, gojenih v posebej prirejenem poskusnem mrežniku na polju, smo v dvoletnem poskusu proučevali vpliv intenzivnosti rezi, intenzivnosti gnojenja ter uporabe regulatorja rasti proheksadion-Ca na izražanje simptomov bolezni ter na izgube pridelka pri drevesih, okuženih s fitoplazmo povzročiteljico metličavosti jablan v primerjavi z neokuženimi drevesi. Skozi obdobje izvajanja poskusa smo drevesa opazovali in beležili delež metličavih poganjkov na drevo ter opravili meritve in ocenjevanja naslednjih parametrov: število socvetij na drevo, skupno število plodov na drevo, skupna masa plodov na drevo, delež plodov I. kakovostnega razreda, obarvanost plodov ter vsebnost sladkorja in kislin v plodovih. Zmanjšana intenzivnost rezi, manjše gnojenje z dušikom in uporaba rastnega regulatorja proheksadion-Ca so pri okuženih drevesih povzročili spremembe v preučevanih parametrih rodnosti in rasti. Odziv sort je bil različen, zato so preučevani dejavniki na posamezne parametre pri nekaterih sortah imeli statistično značilen vpliv, pri nekaterih pa ne. Zaključimo lahko, da s tem, ko spremenimo pridelavo na način, da se zmanjša intenzivnost rasti in uporabi rastni regulator ob nezmanjšanem gnojenju z dušikom, pri večini sort sicer lahko značilno povečamo pridelek, ne moremo pa značilno povečati kakovost plodov (deleža I. razreda). Največje izboljšanje kakovosti plodov lahko dosežemo pri sortah ‘Jonagold’ in ‘Idared’, med tem, ko pri ostalih, kakovosti ne moremo značilno izboljšati bodisi zaradi tega, ker po junijskem trebljenju na drevju ostane preveč plodov ali pa zaradi pomanjkanja barve. S prej omenjeno kombinacijo ukrepov lahko delno izboljšamo vsebnost topne suhe snovi in kislin plodov ter količino pridelka okuženih dreves, vendar ne v tolikšni meri, da bi zagotovili ekonomsko rentabilnost pridelave pri okuženih drevesih.
Keywords:	Jablana / fitoplazma metličavosti jablan / ' Candidatus Phytoplasma mali / izražanje znamenj okužb / kakovost plodov
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Year of publishing:	2016
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-64146
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:RHJWKTZE
Publication date in DKUM:	06.10.2016
Views:	2637
Downloads:	192
Metadata:
Categories:	FKBV
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Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	The influence of apple production technology (Malus domestica Borkh.) on yield loss caused by infection with phytoplasma 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali'
Abstract:	Trees of the apple varieties ‘Fuji’, ‘Braeburn’, ‘Gala’, ‘Elstar’, ‘Jonagold’, ‘Zlati delišes’ and ‘Idared’ were grown in a special trial net house and a two-year study was carried out to observe the impact of the pruning intensity, intensity of fertilisation and use of growth regulator proheksadion-Ca on the expression of symptoms of disease and also on the yield losses in trees which were infected with apple proliferation Phytoplasma (AP), in comparison with healthy uninfected trees. We had six different treatments according to the combination of studied factors (intensive or minimal pruning, normal or reduced fertilisation, use of growth regulator – yes/no). During the period of the trial we have monitored and recorded the proportion of shoots showing typical AP symptoms (so called »witches brooms«) per tree and we also evaluated the following parameters: number of flower clusters per tree, total number of fruits per tree, total mass of fruits per tree, proportion of the fruits which are ranked as first class quality, colouring of the fruits, and content of the sugar and acids in the fruits. A reduced intensity of pruning and fertilisation with the nitrogen and use of growth regulator proheksadion-Ca caused changes in infected tress in expression of disease symptoms and examined parameters of growth and fertility. The reactions of the individual varieties were different. In some of the studied varieties, the tested factors had a statistically distinctive influence, but not in other varieties. The conclusion is, that with the change of production system in the way that we reduced intensity of pruning and use growth regulator and standard fertilisation with nitrogen, we can in the majority of varieties, significantly increase the yield. The biggest improvement of fruit quality can be achieved in the varieties ‘Jonagold’ and ‘Idared’. We cannot distinctively improve the fruit quality in others studied varieties, and the reasons are twofold; either because of a limited natural fruit fall, the so called »June thinning«, where too many fruits remain on trees, or because of a lack of colour. With the before mentioned combination of production measures we can partly improve the fruit’s content of soluble dry matter (sugars), acids and the yield on infected trees, but not to an extent where an economically profitabilitable production on infected trees could be ensured.
Keywords:	Apple / apple tree proliferation Phytoplasma / manifestation of infection symptoms / 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali' / fruit quality

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