Svobodni kmet in država med 1750 in 1940

Leber Vračko, Barbara

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Title:	Svobodni kmet in država med 1750 in 1940
Authors:	ID Leber Vračko, Barbara (Author) ID Holcman, Borut (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	UN_Leber_Vracko_Barbara_2016.pdf (802,32 KB) MD5: 86644EA07B375EE5BB21F72701776670
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Undergraduate thesis
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:	Položaj kmeta se je skozi različna obdobja zgodovine spreminjal. V začetku fevdalizma poznamo predvsem odvisne obdelovalce, ki se šele z načelnim sklepom avstrijskega državnega zbora o zemljiški odvezi osvobodijo fevdalnih razmerij. V fevdalizmu ločimo dva tipa odvisnih obdelovalcev. Tisti, ki so obdelovali pridvorno zemljo in so bili pravno gledano popolnoma nesvobodni ter kmete, ki so s svojo družino prebivali na kmetiji (v času fevdalizma se za tako obliko kmetije razvije pojem hube). Tudi ti so sicer bili spočetka močno odvisni od svojega zemljiškega gospoda, kateremu so tudi dolgovali različne dajatve prav tako pa so za zemljiškega gospoda morali opravljati določena dela na njegovi posesti (tlaka). Bistveno so nato na položaj kmeta vplivale reforme Marije Terezije in Jožefa II., ki so bile potrebne za večje vključevanje kmeta v razvijajoče tržno gospodarstvo. Izmed najpomembnejših naj omenimo robotne patente, ki so določili maksimalno tlako, ter odprava »nejevoljništva«, ki je odpravilo osebno nesvobodo kmeta. Z zemljiško odvezo, sprejeto v času cesarja Ferdinanda, pa se označuje ukinitev podložništva in odprava vrhovnih pravic gospostva nad zemljišči. Z zemljiško odvezo je bilo konec fevdalnega družbenega reda, kmet pa je dobil večje možnosti za razpolaganje z zemljo. Pravno gledano je bil v začetku fevdalizma nosilec oblasti predvsem zemljiški gospod, patrimonializacija pa je razbila izvajanje prava na številne nosilce. Šele v času Habsburžanov se začnejo ponovna prizadevanja v smeri poenotenja oblasti ter uveljavitvi enotne zakonodaje. Slovensko ozemlje je nato predstavljajo območje avstrijskega prava, katero se je tukaj ohranilo tudi v času ustanovitve stare Jugoslavije. Na podlagi listin, ki jih hrani naša družina, pa lahko sklepamo, da je po letu 1850 pomembno vlogo na pravnem področju imel notar, ki je bil pomemben nosilec pravne varnosti. Njegovo sodelovanje je bilo obvezno za sklepanje določenih razmerji, hkrati pa je s svojim podpisom in pečatom jamčil za verodostojnost listin, kar je v pravnem prometu pomenilo dodatno varnost in služilo izogibu morebitnih pravd.
Keywords:	fevdalizem, zemljiški gospodje, huba, notar, pravo v času fevdalizma, doba pravnega absolutizma, doba kapitalizma
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Publisher:	[B. Leber Vračko]
Year of publishing:	2016
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-64154
UDC:	341.2(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	5300779
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:SH2TMJSL
Publication date in DKUM:	18.11.2016
Views:	2872
Downloads:	228
Metadata:
Categories:	PF
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Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	Freeholder and the country between 1750 and 1940 1750
Abstract:	The position of farmer has through different periods of history changed. At the beginning of feudalism the farmers were mainly known as peasants and only with the principled decision of the Austrian National Assembly on Emancipation they were freed of feudal relations. In feudal times, there were two types of peasants. Those who cultivated the land of the lord of the manor and have been legally speaking, completely unfree and farmers, who lived with their families on the farm (at the time of feudalism this form of the farm develops the notion “huba”. These also initially depended heavily on their lord of the manor, to which they owed various charges as well as the obligation to carry out certain works on his premises. Essential changes to the position of the farmer happened with the reforms of Maria Theresa and Joseph II., which were necessary for the greater involvement of farmers in the developing market economy. Among the most important to mention are the robot patents defining a maximum bonded labor, and the elimination of the personal unfreedom of the farmer. Emancipation, adopted at the time of Ferdinand, means the abolition of bondage and elimination of supreme dominion of lord of manor over land rights. By the end of the feudal social order, the farmer got more opportunities to dispose of the land. Legally speaking, at the beginning of the feudalism the lord of manor had the legal power and the law enforcement was divided onto a number of subjects. At the time of the Habsburgs the efforts towards the unification of government and the implementation of uniform legislation were renewed. Slovenian territory was after the time of Habsburg’s part of the area under Austrian law, which has been preserved here even in the time of the establishment of the old Yugoslavia. Based on the documents held by our family, we can conclude that after the year of 1850 notary had an important role in the legal field and has so been an important institution of legal certainty and his cooperation was required to enter into certain relationships. At the same time his signature and seal of guarantee meant authenticity of the documents, which represented extra security and served avoiding potential litigation in legal transactions.
Keywords:	feudalism, lord of manor, Huba, notary, law at the time of feudalism, legal absolutism, capitalism

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