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Title:The indifferent, the good Samaritan, the brave and the agent in Allais paradox situation : or how endowment effect influences our decision in case of Allais paradox?
Authors:ID Kolnhofer-Derecskei, Anita (Author)
Files:.pdf Organizacija_2017_Kolnhofer-Derecskei_The_Indifferent,_the_Good_Samaritan,_the_Brave_and_the_Agent_in_Allais_Paradox_situation_–_or_How.pdf (1,01 MB)
MD5: C28393505AC2EBA489EDCD8321509FAD
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/fe37185c-b44d-4362-bf5a-8fa892a2ea07
 
URL https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/orga.2017.50.issue-4/orga-2017-0022/orga-2017-0022.xml
 
Language:English
Work type:Scientific work
Typology:1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization:FOV - Faculty of Organizational Sciences in Kranj
Abstract:Background and purpose: Mainstream economic models do not take ownership into consideration. Only after the findings of behavioural economists was endowment effect widely observed. Endowment effect means that goods that one owns are valued higher than other goods not held in endowment. At the same time the principal-agent literature is concerned with how the principal (such as employer) can motivate his agent (say the employee), to act in the principal’s interests and also for their holdings. The main problem is that acting in somebody’s else’s interests can influence our values as well. Moreover, the principal as owner suffers from endowment effect. Both situations can be treated as a risky decision. Risk confuses our rationality in a predictable way. Design/Methodology/Approach: Due to this it was observed how foreign students from various cultural backgrounds decided (n=186 answers) in a risky financial situation by focusing on Allais’ classic gambles. I also presented their preferences over certain and uncertain outcomes regarding the owner of the final win; i.e. how they choose for themselves or on behalf of one of their best friends. One famous experiment - which tested the descriptive validity of the axioms’ expected utility theory - was Allais. Allais handled probabilities and outcomes in high hypothetical payoff financial gamble situations; he found that when offering two similar options, the common consequences will not be removed by the actors. I was interested in what happens when the actors take risks on behalf of others. It was used between-subjects technique on an extended multicultural sample. Regarding the two different topics, three hypotheses were tested (1); based on Allais paradox (2); observed ownerships (3); the comparison of two phenomena. Results: The results show that the subjects responded differently when they needed to decide about their own properties rather when their friends’ properties were concerned. When a sure safe outcome was offered to the subjects, they took more risk on behalf of their friends rather than own. Moreover, the subjects do not take into consideration that the same attributes must be ignored, so Allais paradox was verified. Conclusion: The goal of this paper is then twofold. First, it was established a conceptual link between Allais-type behaviour and ownership problem. Second, Allais axiom was used to characterize different roles. Knowing predictable patterns of seemingly irrational heuristics in human behaviour can improve economic theory. At the same time, this knowledge helps us to avoid irrational decisions.
Keywords:Allais paradox, endowment effect, principal-agent problem, risk
Publication status:Published
Publication version:Version of Record
Year of publishing:2017
Number of pages:str. 299-313
Numbering:Letn. 50, št. 4
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-70348 New window
ISSN:1581-1832
ISSN on article:1581-1832
COBISS.SI-ID:298459904 New window
DOI:10.1515/orga-2017-0022 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:76YMLGNP
Publication date in DKUM:04.05.2018
Views:1474
Downloads:208
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:Misc.
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Record is a part of a journal

Title:Organizacija : revija za management, informatiko in kadre
Publisher:Moderna organizacija
ISSN:1581-1832
COBISS.SI-ID:251341568 New window

Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:04.05.2018

Secondary language

Language:Slovenian
Title:Indiferentni, dobri samaritan, hrabri in agent v položaju Allais-ovega paradoksa : kako učinek lastništva vpliva na našo odločitev v primeru Allais-ovega paradoksa?
Abstract:Ozadje in namen: Glavni ekonomski modeli ne upoštevajo lastništva, čeprav učinek lastništva kažejo ugotovitve vedenjskih ekonomistov. Ta učinek pomeni, da je blago, ki ga nekdo ima v lasti, vrednoteno višje od drugega blaga, ki ni v njegovi ali njeni posesti. Obenem se literatura glavnega agenta ukvarja s tem, kako lahko glavni agent (kot je n.pr. delodajalec) motivira svojega agenta (recimo delavca), da deluje tudi v interesu glavnega agenta. Poglavitni problem je, da lahko delovanje v interesu nekega drugega vpliva tudi na naše vrednote. Poleg tega učinek lastništva vpliva tudi na glavnega agenta. Obe situaciji je mogoče obravnavati kot tvegano odločitev. Tveganje namreč zmede našo racionalnost na predvidljiv način. Oblikovanje / metodologija / pristop: V članku raziskujem, kako so se študentje (n = 186 odgovorov) iz različnih kulturnih okolij odločali v tveganem finančnem položaju, s posebnim ozirom na klasične Allais-ove igre. Predstavila sem tudi njihove preference glede gotovih in negotovih izidov upoštevajoč lastnika končnih izidov; to je, kako se odločijo, ko se odločajo za sebe ali za enega od svojih najboljših prijateljev. Eden od znanih eksperimentov, ki so te­stirali veljavnost pričakovane uporabne teorije aksiomov, je bil Allais-ov eksperiment. Allais je obravnaval verjetnosti in izide v izrazito hipotetičnih situacijah v finančnih igrah. Zanima me, kaj se zgodi, ko udeleženci tvegajo v imenu drugih. Uporabljena je bila tehnika med subjekti na razširjenem večkulturnem vzorcu. V zvezi z dvema različnima temama smo testirali tri hipoteze (1) prva temelji na Allais-ovem paradoksu, (2) druga na percipiranem lastništvu in (3) na primerjavi obeh pojavov. Rezultati: Rezultati kažejo, da so se subjekti drugače odzvali, ko so se morali odločiti o svoji lastnini, kot takrat, ko so odločali o lastnini drugih. Ko je bil subjektom ponujen tudi varen izid, so sprejemali večje tveganje v imenu svojih prijateljev, kot v svojem imenu. Subjekti niso upoštevali, da bi morali prezreti lastništvo. Tako je bil potrjen Allais-ov paradoks. Zaključek: V članku je bila vzpostavljena je bila konceptualna povezava med vedenjem vrste Allais in problemom lastništva. Drugič, Allais-ov aksiom je bil uporabljen za označevanje različnih vlog. Poznavanje predvidljivih vzorcev navidezno iracionalne hevristike v človeškem vedenju lahko izboljša ekonomsko teorijo. Hkrati to znanje nam poma­ga preprečiti neracionalne odločitve.
Keywords:Allaisov paradoks, učinek lastništva, problem glavnega agenta, tveganje


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