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Title:Separacija aktivnih komponent iz lupin kakavovca
Authors:ID Glavač, Kaja (Author)
ID Škerget, Mojca (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
ID Čolnik, Maja (Comentor)
Files:.pdf UN_Glavac_Kaja_2018.pdf (3,07 MB)
MD5: ED1FB1BB22A23AD2CC0ED161D7B7A29B
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/f67e9aa2-6bc6-45d5-aa91-3aacb0e1dba1
 
.zip UN_Glavac_Kaja_2018.zip (2,37 MB)
MD5: 580187602B9021F364A0C0F68F141475
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/eb3f84ab-3618-4b4e-b3c5-f9cce5134944
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Abstract:Pri industrijskih procesih pridobivanja kakava nastaja 80 % odpadnih snovi, kar predstavlja za okolje precejšnjo obremenitev. Zato so se strokovnjaki v zadnjem času začeli ukvarjati s tem odpadnim materialom in v njem iskati uporabne komponente, ki bi se jih dalo ekstrahirati, da bi tako zmanjšali obseg odpadnega materiala. Namen diplomskega dela je bil z različnimi ekstrakcijskimi metodami separirati komponente iz lupin semen kakavovca. Izvedli smo klasično ekstrakcijo z različnimi topili, ekstrakcijo s superkritičnim CO2 in ekstrakcijo s subkritično vodo (SWE). Maksimalen delež ekstrakta smo dobili s SWE pri 170 °C (ostanek po CO2 ekstrakciji 60 °C in 300 bar), in sicer 57,16 %. Z metodo HPLC smo identificirali in kvantificirali aktivne komponente (totalni fenoli – maksimalna vsebnost 138,21 mg/g, totalni proantocianidini – maksimalna vsebnost 6,46 mg/g), sladkorje in njihove derivate, okarakterizirali antioksidativnost ekstraktov. Sladkorji, ki smo jih zaznali, so bili manoza, glukoza, ksiloza, arabinoza, ramoza, fukoza in njihovi degradirani produkti:5-HVL, furfural, levulinska, mlečna in mravljična kislina. Antioksidativna aktivnost vseh vzorcev je bila visoka, nad 50 %. Ekstrakt pridobljen s subkritično vodo iz začetnega materiala, je imel antioksidativnost kar 84,27 %. S subkritično vodo smo pridobili različne koncentracije komponent teobromina, kofeina, teofilina, epikatehina, katehina. Največ je bilo zaznanega teobromina (5,43 %) in epikatehina (1,36%). Z metodo GC smo določevali vsebnost maščobnih kislin, kot so palmitinska, palmitoleinska, stearinska, oleinska in linolna kislina. Ekstrakti so vsebovali največ oleinske in palmitinske kisline.
Keywords:lupina kakavovca, superkritična ekstrakcija s CO2, subkritična ekstrakcija z vodo, aktivne komponente, antioksidativnost
Place of publishing:Maribor
Publisher:[K. Glavač]
Year of publishing:2018
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-71502 New window
UDC:54-139:664.1.03(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:21969174 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:46GR2QC0
Publication date in DKUM:05.10.2018
Views:1805
Downloads:213
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:KTFMB - FKKT
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Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:19.08.2018

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Separation of active components from cocoa shells
Abstract:In industrial processes of cocoa production, 80 % of material is a generated waste, which represents a considerable burden for the environment. Therefore, experts have recently begun to deal with this waste material and are looking for useful components that could be extracted in order to reduce the amount of waste material in this way. The purpose of the work was to separate components from cocoa shells with different extraction methods. We performed classical extraction with different solvents, supercritical CO2 extraction and subcritical water extraction. The maximum yield of the extraction was obtained by SWE at 170 °C (residue of CO2 extraction 60 °C and 300 bar), 57.16 %. By the HPLC method the active components (total phenols – maximum content 138.21 mg/g, total proanthocyanidins – maximum content 6.46 mg/g) and of sugars and their derivatives, were identified and quantified. Furthermore the antioxidant activity of the extracts was analized. The sugars that were detected were mannose, glucose, xylose, arabinose, ramose, fucose and their degraded products: 5-HVL, furfural, levulinic acid, lactic acid and formic acid. The antioxidant activity was quite high in all samples, over 70 %. The antioxidant activity of extract obtained with subcritical water from raw material was the highest (84.27 %). With subcritical water various concentrations of the components of teobromine, caffeine, theophylline, epicatechin, and catechin were obtained. Major components detected were. Theobromine (5.43 %) and epicatechin (1.36 %). The GC method was used to determine the content of fatty acids such as palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearinic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid. The extracts contained mostly oleic and palmitic acid.
Keywords:cocoa shell, supercritical extraction with CO2, subcritical water extraction, active compounds, antioxidant activity


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